Table of Content

15 May 2020, Volume 46 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

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Impact of the International Political Changes Triggered by the "COVID-19 Pandemic" on Global Sports and China' s Countermeasures in Sports BAO Mingxiao 2020, 46 (3):  1-5.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.001 Abstract ( 1818 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 1311 )   Save The COVID-19 Pandemic has an inestimable impact on the international political landscape and trends. This has brought many challenges to the development of global sport such as the decline in the control of global sports by global sports organizations, the Olympic Games may face a global crisis, many large international sports events have lost their glories, the resurgence of sports ideology, and the weak growth of the global sports industry. In response to these "crises", China should actively make its contribution to the post-pandemic "reconstruction" of global sports by: achieving the goals set for the Tokyo Olympic Games to add an iconic spiritual impetus to the reborn Chinese society after the epidemic; fulfilling its responsibilities as a major power to hold a successful 2022 Winter Olympics; playing a balanced and buffering role in the strategic competition of major powers; developing and promoting traditional Chinese sports Law to provid Chinese experience for the rehabilitation of novel coronavirus patients and improving the people-centered sports work system to provid a Chinese model for the development of global sports after the pandemic. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Development Strategy for Children and Adolescents' Sports Health Promotion in China WANG Xiaozan, YANG Yanguo, KONG Lin, TONG Tiantian, CHEN Meiyuan 2020, 46 (3):  6-12.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.002 Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (1791KB) ( 938 )   Save This study deeply analyzes the development bottleneck of sports health promotion among children and adolescents in China by means of literature review, and expert interview. Based on social ecological theory, healthy behavior change theory, life history theory and social learning theory, combined with the advanced experience of international health promotion, and following the principle of "long-term planning, systematic construction and effective control", this study puts forward the "3-4-5" development strategy system for children and adolescents' sports health promotion in China, namely, the cohesion of 3 main forces-family, schools and community, the radiation of the 4 areas-in class, out of class, in school and after school, and the implementation of 5 action plans-high-quality physical education and health curriculum development, vigorous campus construction, family-school-community partnership, sports reward plan setting-up and sports intelligent monitoring application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on The Combination Framework of Sports and Health in the U.S. LIU Yujie, LI Peijing 2020, 46 (3):  13-18.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.003 Abstract ( 955 )   PDF (1650KB) ( 887 )   Save This article examines the combination of sports and health in the United States in terms of development history, governance system, service platform and industry layout. It is found that the combinaiton framework of sports and health in the U.S. is realized through the government's macro-control and the coordination of relevant departments and orgnizations, which creates a favorable environment for the combined development of sports and health. The sports and health promotion service platform is composed of HHS, NIH, ACSM, NCHS and PAGAC. Meanwhile, the sports and and health industry, represented by gyms, physical training centers, physical therapy centers, is booming and has formed a huge market.Currently, sports and health have formed a framework, in which the government is responsible for macro-control, relevant departments and orgnizaitions coordinate with each other, and the industrial sectors are gaining rapid development. Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL FEATURE: THE 11th CONVENTION ON SPORT SCIENCE OF CHINA

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Competition Sports under the Assistance of Technology: The Application and Trend of Wearable Devices in Sports Training LI Haipeng, CHEN Xiaoping, HE Wei, WU Hao 2020, 46 (3):  19-25.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.004 Abstract ( 1143 )   PDF (1318KB) ( 883 )   Save The continuous progress of science and technology has promoted sports training towards the direction of new ideas, new technology and new equipment. Wearable devices, which are based on mobile Internet, cloud platform and have the functions of wireless transmission and fast real-time feedback, have been widely used in sports training, thus providing a more convenient and scientific way to explore the biological significance of sports training. But some problems are as follows: several measurement errors still exist in the application of wearable devices in sports training, affecting the validity and reliability of data; and there is poor compatibility and interconnection among data due to the absence of unified data standards; besides, integration is required for a further improvement because of the relatively single index collection; what's more, much attention is paid to commercial development, and there is no complete industrial chain. It's development trends in the field of sports training include: seeking training improvement by monitoring frequency, formulating industry standards in a properly way; optimizing the integration of industrial chain as so to accurately dock with needs; further increasing equipment compatibility and cloud interconnection; promoting the micro integration of sensor technology to make wearable device more comfortable and safe. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Frontier Hotspots of International Fundamental Motor Skill Research for Children and Adolescents (1990-2019) LI Bo, HONG Jintao, SUN Jiangang, LU Yingzhi, LIU Yang 2020, 46 (3):  26-32.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.005 Abstract ( 1006 )   PDF (1482KB) ( 1104 )   Save In order to further promote the development of FMS research for children and adolescents in China, this study analyzes the subject characteristics and frontier hotspots of international FMS research for children and adolescents by using the methods of literature review and visualization. The results show that (1) Subject distribution characteristics: the multidisciplinary and integration networks led by psychology, sports science and pediatrics have formed, and the intersection with other disciplines such as biomedical engineering have opened up new question areas for research in this field. (2) The frontiers hotspots of international children's and adolescents' FMS research focus on children's motor development sequence research, impact of FMS development on children's physical activity, physical fitness and cognitive ability, international FMS research for children and adolescents based on different assessment methods, different intervention strategies to improve the effectiveness of FMS and research on the development of FMS in typical populations. This study believes that the research on the health promotion of children and adolescents in China should focus on the cross-integration of multidisciplinary research in the study of FMS, and actively engage in international frontier hotspots, to enhance China's international discourse power in the study of FMS for children and adolescents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of VR Technology in Tactical Training of Youth Male Soccer Players KONG Fanming, MI Jing, MA Jie 2020, 46 (3):  33-37.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.006 Abstract ( 1545 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 1011 )   Save Objective: To explore the characteristics of VR (Virtual Reality) tactical training, verify the effect of VR training for young soccerl players of different ages, and analyze the factors and mechanisms that influence the effectiveness of VR training. Methods: 48 male soccer players were chosen from elementary, middle and high schools (8 in each experimental group and control group of each shool level) as experimental subjects to receive VR training interventions for 10 times in 4 weeks. The Youth Tactical Knowledge Test System and the Ekkono tactical test were used to compare the changes in tactical ability before and after the intervention. Results: (1) The tactical ability of elementary school group was significantly lower than that of junior high school group and high school group (P＜0.05); (2) Elementary school experimental group's tactical test system score and Ekkono test score were significantly improved (P<0.05) after the VR training.Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference in improvement (P<0.05), while junior school group and high school group presented no significant change; (3) Elementrary school group was significantly higher than junior school group and high school group in immersion propensity score, total PESIS score, and exploratory and pleasure dimensions (P<0.05), while there was no difference between junior school group and high school group. Conclusions: (1) VR training can efficiently improve the tactical training effect of elementary school football players aged 10-12. (2) In VR training, the differences in tactical knowledge, immersion tendency, and interest may be important reasons for the different training effects among three groups. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SOCIAL SCIENCE

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International Sports Philosophy Research: Hotspots and Trends ——A Review of the "Sports Philosophy" Topic in the Last Three World Philosophical Conferences ZHOU Jiandong 2020, 46 (3):  38-45.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.007 Abstract ( 745 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 699 )   Save The World Philosophy Congress (WCP) is the most influential academic conference in the field of international philosophy. The topic of "Sports Philosophy" is an important part of previous conferences. Through text analysis, the study points out that the "Sports Philosophy" topics of the last three World Philosophy Congresses have five major characteristics: sports philosophy topics accounts for a relatively small proportion, the International Sports Philosophy Association attaches importance, sports philosophy research topics are diverse, and Chinese scholars have begun to air their voices. The current international sports philosophy research presents a diversified trend, and the research focus is on three main aspects: sports ethics, sports meaning, and game philosophy, of which sports ethics receives the highest attention. The international sports philosophy research presents the development trend that denotation extends continuously and connotation returns gradually. The research on sports ontology, methodology and human social attributes presents a return trend, and is valued by sports philosophy researchers. Related Articles | Metrics

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How Can "Learning to Be Human" Be Realized in Sports ——Overview of the 24th WCP and the Response by Traditional Theory of "Learning to Be Human" XU Zhengxu, GONG Zhengwei 2020, 46 (3):  46-51.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.008 Abstract ( 636 )   PDF (1223KB) ( 631 )   Save By using the method of literature and comparison between Chinese and western philosophy, this paper summarizes the views of the 24th WCP and modern western sports philosophy on "learning to be human ",responds to the problems faced from the perspective of Chinese philosophy. The results show that: Due to the dualistic opposition of western philosophy and metaphysical tradition, western sports theory can not respond to and solve the current dilemma. Responding to the shortcomings of western "Playing to be human" from the perspective of Chinese philosophy not only reflects global responsibility, but also reflects self-reflection. Conclusion: in terms of goal orientation, we should attach equal importance to the relationship between object and self, between self and others, and between self-denial and gift. In the implementation drive, knowledge and emotion, public and interactivity, integrity and stage unification, realize the coordinated development of morality and virtue, cognition and emotion, rule of law and rule of virtue. Finally, it is suggested that, as modern western sports is the product of modern enlightenment culture, in order to avoid the current plight of the west, Based on the Chinese cultural tradition and the reality of contemporary China, we should construct the sports theory with local characteristics, so as to respond to the shortcomings of western theory.it is necessary to carry out creative transformation and localization transformation of western sports. Related Articles | Metrics

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Health and Virtue: Socrates' Sports Value Thought and Its Realistic Enlightenment WANG Huimin, ZHOU Yangxue, WANG Daojie 2020, 46 (3):  52-57.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.009 Abstract ( 1262 )   PDF (1148KB) ( 914 )   Save Taking Plato's early works and Xenophon's Memorabilia: Recollections of Socrates as the data source, this paper studies Socrates' ideas on health and virtue development entailed in his thoughts on sports value. Socrates believes that the body-caring skills include sports and medicine, and sports is an effective skill to make body strong and fit; regular exercise helps people to stand tests, and he himself demonstrated that strong body helps serve the country; physical exercise helps strengthen self-discipline and develop a healthy lifestyle.The realistic enlightenments that these ideas have for Chinese sports include: enhance the discourse right of sports in the medical field; strengthen research on the role of physical exercise in training bravity; pay attention to the role of sports self-discipline in promoting the performance of value; regulate sports events to ensure the value of sports in promoting justice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thoughts on Promoting the Modernization of Governance System and Governance Ability of Higher Institutes of Physical Education in China HE Zhaoxuan, ZHU Daohui 2020, 46 (3):  58-63.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.010 Abstract ( 1203 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 924 )   Save With reference to the management practice and governance exploration of Higher iinstitues of physical education, this present paper conducts a research on the modernization of governance system and governance ability of higher institues of physical educaton by centering on "what to persist and consolidate" and "what to improve and develop". To the end, we should actively explore the internal governance mechanism of higher institues of physical eudcation to adhere to and consolidate the seven systems; respond to the new situation and new requirements, focus on "what to improve and develop", and promote the modernization of governance system and governance ability of higher inistitues of physical education by improving the six mechanisms and the three abilities. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Century of Change: The Construction of Chinese National Identity from the Perspective of the National Games SHEN Wei, FANG Qianhua, LIU Li 2020, 46 (3):  64-69.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.011 Abstract ( 688 )   PDF (1609KB) ( 704 )   Save By means of literature review and logical analysis, this paper explores the interrelationship between China’s National Games from 1910 to 2017and the construction of national identity from a historical perspective. The period from 1910 to 1948 is the forming stage of the National Games, which helps the Chinese people to form a right view towards modern sports. Regaining the hosting right of the National Games demonstrates Chinese people’s determination to win national independence, thus raising people’s awareness of Chinese national community. The period from 1959 to 1979 marks the early stage of the National Games development, during which the first four National Games were held. At this stage, China faced the challenge of the state sovereignty being recognized at home and abroad, the ritual ceremony and symbolic representation of the National games exhibit the Chinese people’s prospect to achieve state modernization, national prosperity, and happy life as soon as possible. During the period from 1983 to 2017, the National Games serves China’s Olympic Strategy under the background of globalization, and showcase China’s soft power through constant reforms, helping improve China’s international reputation and influence. Meanwhile, the National Games is not just an arena for sports elites, but moves towards a national gathering enjoyable for the whole nation. The political conditions and historical images in the different stages of the National Games evolution form a dynamic painting of the Chinese national “imagined community” from onset through growth to consolidation in modern and contemporary times. Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors to Competitiveness of Sports Think Tanks and Path Choice in China ——Based on the Research Findings of Grounded Theory WANG Xuebin, ZHENG Jiakun 2020, 46 (3):  70-77.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.012 Abstract ( 627 )   PDF (1282KB) ( 728 )   Save Using the classical rooted theory research method, the article analyzes the factors affecting the competitiveness of sports think tanks in China.The study believes that the competitiveness of sports think tanks in China is affected by four factors.First, the motivation to cultivate competitiveness is the driving mechanism for the construction of sports think tank competitiveness;Second, the conditions for cultivating competitiveness are the adjustment mechanisms for the construction of competitive sports think tanks;Third, the risk of competitiveness is the obstacle mechanism for the construction of sports think tanks;Fourth, the competitive cultivation environment is the guarantee mechanism for the competitiveness of sports think tanks.This paper puts forward the path of competitiveness construction of sports think tanks in China: releasing the internal motivation of the construction of sports think tanks' competitiveness, building a good inner environment for the construction of sports think tanks, and improving the soundness and perfection of sports think tanks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Governance of E-sports Competition Industry Alliance: A Comparison Based on CEA and CMEL LE Longfei, LI Ming 2020, 46 (3):  78-83.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.013 Abstract ( 672 )   PDF (1211KB) ( 681 )   Save With the rapid development and in-depth layout of e-commerce industry, e-commerce industry alliance has become a platform and carrier for cooperation among various enterprises and organizations participating in e-commerce industry, playing an important role in promoting knowledge innovation and development of e-commerce industry. In this paper, two large domestic e-sports industry alliances, China E-sports Association Alliance (CEA) and China Mobile E-sports League (CMEL), are taken as examples of case analysis to find out the factors influencing the governance of e-sports industry alliance. Research findings: Firstly, types of knowledge innovation, characteristics of alliance members, member relations and government support are the influencing factors of the governance of e-sports industry alliance. Secondly, the characteristics of core members are the most important factor affecting the governance of e-sports industry alliance, which has an impact on the types of E-sports knowledge innovation, E-sports membership and government support. Thirdly, the cooperation between the government, especially the local government and the e-sports industry alliance, is also affected by the established strategy of local government. In order to improve the level of performance, this paper suggests that in the process of construction and governance of e-sports industry alliance, more attention should be paid to the choice of core members of the alliance; in organizational form, the single center leading mode should be adopted; in choice of innovation direction, liquidity and financial performance of the alliance should be expanded by means of business innovation, while the innovation of technology and content should not be abandoned. Meanwhile, e-sports industry alliance should seek government support as much as possible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral-history Research on the Wushu Heritage “Shibaluzhuang” of Cunshengtang in Fumian Sanshe, Southeast Guangxi GAO Huijun, WANG Shijing, XU Quan 2020, 46 (3):  84-91.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.014 Abstract ( 1996 )   PDF (1631KB) ( 1492 )   Save By means of field investigation, oral history and literature research, this paper makes an in-depth study of the origin, inheritance system and development of “Shibaluzhuang" of Cunshengtang in Fumian Sanshe in Southeast Guangxi. The findings show that Shibaluzhuang, which is on the intangible cultural heritage list of Guangxi, originated in Cunshengtang, Fumian Sanshe, and has important cultural value and distinct characteristics of living existence. With more than 300 Wushu schools radiating southeast Guangxi, and a large number of Wushu practitioners, Shibluzhuang has great influence. Therefore, it is typical and representative in the development history of folk Wushu in China. After social changes, the system of “Shiyou Association” and “Wushu-medicine agreement” is completely preserved, which lays a strong foundation for Shibaluzhuang of Cunshengtang in the local area. As a Wushu system which sticks to tribal doctrines, original content structure, fighting essence, organizational form and inheritance mode and preserves a series of material objects and documents, Shibaluzhuang is a “living fossil” in terms of inheritance of Chinese folk traditional Wushu. Related Articles | Metrics

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Historical Memory and Historical Mind:The Identity Modeling of ZHENG Chenggong in a Folk Wushu Organization ZHANG Hua, GUO Xuesong 2020, 46 (3):  92-97.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.015 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (1145KB) ( 912 )   Save This paper Using the methods of literature, unstructured interview and inductive analysis in order to makes an investigation of Song jiang array, a folk Wushu organization, making an in-depth analysis about the historical memory and the historical mind by Zheng Cheng gong . The research shows that Rattan soldiers in the struggle to expel Holland developed the martial spirit of the Chinese nation, and the measures of putting soldiers in agriculture during the opening stage promoted the folk of the martial spirit, which contributed to the special historical memory of the Wushu organization of Song Jiang array, and shaped the historical mind of "hero ancestor worship", "national hero worship" and " Reverence for gods ". This Combing history also reflects the homologous spiritual belief of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the common cultural gene of the Chinese nation of a family on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND HUMAN BODY

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Strategy of Reconstructing Professional Tennis Player Development System in China YIN Shulai, JIANG Hongwei 2020, 46 (3):  98-104.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.016 Abstract ( 604 )   PDF (1388KB) ( 720 )   Save Based on the theories of sports globalization, media sports, and long tail economy, Literature was reviewed, with depth interview, the professional tennis player development system model is proposed; combining the situation of professional tennis players at home and abroad, the professional tennis in China is analyzed. Problems existed in the development system of athletes, and rebuilt strategies were proposed for the problems. It is believed that professional tennis players are not only elite athletes in the professional tennis arena, but also the most special cultural products in the composite industry of professional tennis. The development of professional tennis players is appearance and practice. The nature and rules behind them are the core elements of tennis development under the background of sports globalization-cultural capital, media sports, and sports sponsorship. The research puts forward the strategy of developing system from the four aspects of ideals, system, mechanism and path, which has practical guiding significance for the development of professional tennis in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Exercise and Fitness Behavior on the Health-related Quality of Life of Empty Nesters in China CHEN Si, ZHU Hanxiao 2020, 46 (3):  105-111.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.017 Abstract ( 593 )   PDF (1143KB) ( 663 )   Save Objective: To observe the influence of the internal factors of exercise and fitness behavior on the quality of life of empty nesters. Methods: Questionnaire of Sports and Fitness Behavior and Quality of Life were distributed to 368 subjects to investigate their health-related quality of life and sports and fitness behaiors. Results: (1) compared with non-empty nesters, the health status of empty nesters is characteriazed by high proportion of chronic disease patients and poor quality of life, which needs more attention; (2) the proportion of non-empty nesters who spend more than 2 hours on daily exercise and fitness is significantly higher than that of empty nesters (P<0.05); (3) the sports population among empty nesters develop more serious chronic disease than that of non-sports population; (4) the various dimensons of quality of life are in a close relationship with sports and leisure style, sports and exercise organization form, sports venue selection, total time of daily exercise and fitness, among which sports and leisure style (dynamic or static) and the total time of daily exercise and fitness play an dramatic role, and they have a closer relationship with mental health. Conclusion: the health-related quality of life, especially the mental health-related quality of life of empty nesters is lower than that of non-empty nesters. The proportion of sports population among empty nesters is lower than that among non-empty nesters. There is a close relationship between the internal factors of exercise and fitness behavior and the health-related quality of life of empty nesters. Related Articles | Metrics

EXPERT CONSENSUS

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Expert Consensus of Early Specialized Training in Adolescent LI Danyang, ZHAO Huanbin, YANG Shiyong, LI Chunlei, YAN Qi, SHI Donglin, WANG Xiong, YIN Xiaofeng , NIU Xuesong, CHAO Xiaodong, LI Shan, LI Haojie, SUN Junzhi, SHI Yan, LI Zan, DAI jiansong, REN Zhanbing, SHI Bing, ZHANG Jing, QU Guoyang, ZHEN Zhiping, LIU Junyi, YU Liang, QIU Peng, ZOU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Lifeng, DU Changliang, HUANG Caihua, HUANG Yan, HU Xiaoyan, ZHANG Wei, NIU Yonggang, MA Rui, ZHANG Xiuli, XU Fei, ZHAO Hua, LI Enjing, CUI Yunkun, HUANG Sen, HUANG Xinjia, ZHANG Yan, HUANG Zhanyu, WANG Chuan, GEORGIOS Nassis, LU Wenping, LV Wangang 2020, 46 (3):  112-121.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.018 Abstract ( 1174 )   PDF (1358KB) ( 868 )   Save Early sports specialization (ESS) is an important issue related to the scientific training of young people's competitive sports, and it is also a hot issue in the field of sports science internationally. Through the review of literature, the concept of early sports specialization is clarified, the basic connotation of early sports specialization is discussed, the international experience of early sports specialization training and its possible negative effects are summarized, and the coping strategies of scientific sports specialization training are put forward. There was consensus as follows: First, early special training for young people refers to the high intensity of training carried out around a specific sport before puberty; second, although such sports as gymnastics and diving require early specialized training, there must be no neglect of the adverse effects of early specialized training on motor skills learning, motor skills learning, scientific physical training, long-term career development and physical health;third,For most sports, young people are more likely to be successful in the field of competitive sports when they reach adulthood through relatively late specialized training or early diversified training and high-level specialized training ; Forth,technical leading projects can carry out early special training on the basis of correct movement patterns, and should always pay close attention to the quality of action during the training process and avoid the emergence of different movement patterns;Fifth,the scientific basis of special training for young people lies in the establishment of a training system that integrates physical, technical , tactical, psychological ability, sports intelligence and humanistic literacy; Sixth, the key to scientific special training for young people lies in: strengthening the scientific physical training of young people in all periods according to their physiological age and physical function development;Seventh, comprehensive coping strategies of early-stage special training for adolescents: choosing appropriate early specific training timing, the construction of a long-term youth development model, strengthen youth diversity training, efficient combination of training and monitoring, as well as the establishment of age-appropriate competition system; eighth, advocate health and happiness as the value-oriented youth participation in sports, to cultivate lifelong sports literacy as the fundamental goal of youth participation in sports activity. Related Articles | Metrics

OVERSEA VISION

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Quantitative Standards and Practical Applications of Physical Exercise Howard G. Knuttgen, WANG Zhengzhen 2020, 46 (3):  122-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.03.019 Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (2005KB) ( 865 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics