Table of Content

15 July 2020, Volume 45 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

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Competitive Sports from the Perspective of Anthropology: Enlightenment and Thinking Based on Ethnographic Insights PAN Tianshu, HE Xiao 2020, 45 (4):  1-7.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.001 Abstract ( 4307 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 2261 )   Save By interpreting typical ethnographic cases such as "Trobriand cricket", "Soccer madness: Brazil's passion for the world's most popular sport" and "An ethnography of English football fans: cans, cops, and carnivals" this article discuss the function and significance of competitive sports in both social context and cultural practice, and the reconstruction of competitive sports in the process of local transformation and globalization. It is pointed out that anthropological methods which focus on empirical, comparative and field experiences can help to promote academic research on contemporary Chinese sports practices; and through the scopes of competitive sports, anthropologists can observe the drive of interactive relationships between individuals and communities; society and countries; and the domestic and the world. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sociological Review of Relieving Social Anxiety through Sports Action during the Epidemic of COVID-19 HUANG Yaling, GUO Jing, HUANG Fei, LI Yuming 2020, 45 (4):  8-15.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.002 Abstract ( 1393 )   PDF (1453KB) ( 811 )   Save Currently, the ravaging COVID-19 has drawn the attention of all walks of life to the social anxiety caused by sudden public health incidents. The follow-up of some domestic mainstream media has also made this topic a focus of public opinion and a hotspot in all areas of society. How to use rational means to alleviate irrational social tensions and panic, and resolve social anxiety is a key topic which can not be neglected during epidemic prevention and control. This paper analyzed through the methods of literature and logical analysis the damage caused by social anxiety during the epidemic of the COVID-19 and elaborated the sociological logic of addressing social anxiety through sports action in this special situation. It is proposed that sports should be included in the major epidemic comprehensive response system, and that sports should play a role in dissolving social anxiety at different levels in sports action. At the same time, we should give full play to the role of sports professional instructors, pay attention to and promote the development of intelligent sports so as to face the current and future challenges better. Related Articles | Metrics

ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION

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Influence and Enlightenment of Sports Medicine Discipline under the Epidemic of Novel Corona Virus Disease HU Yushi, LIAO Yuanpeng, SUN Junzhi, DING Haili, LI Shunchang 2020, 45 (4):  16-19.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.003 Abstract ( 2966 )   PDF (1175KB) ( 798 )   Save The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Epidemic has brought great challenges and impacts on public health, sports industry and sports medicine. Sports medicine, a discipline that combines sports (movement) and medicine, shows important value in this epidemic. This round table forum, which was initiated by the Sports Medicine Discipline Team of Chengdu Sports University, analyzed the impacts of Novel Coronavirus on Sports Medicine from the four aspects of sports medicine, sports as the basis, combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, wisdom embodiment, public health assistance, prevention and control, innovative model, and serving the public, and discussed the responsibility and mission of sports medicine in epidemic prevention. Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL TOPIC ON COMPETITIVE SPORTS MANAGEMENT AND DOPING ISSUES

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Survey on Stratified Five-dimensional Management of Competitive Sports and National Team in China YI Jiandong 2020, 45 (4):  20-29.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.004 Abstract ( 5146 )   PDF (1322KB) ( 3477 )   Save It is a personal tragedy for Sun Yang, who was banned for 8 years by WADA on Feb 28, 2020. However, We need to examine the case in deepth from the perspective of competitive sports and national team management. Industry, business, occupation, discipline and academics form a mutually-matched circulatory system. Sun Yang case shows the shortage in competitive sports management in China. General Adminstration of Sport of China and Chinese Olympic Committee, Deaprtment of Competitive sport of General Adminstration of Sport of China, Bureau of Training, Management Center of Sport or sport association and national team form a stratified management system. Sun Yang case also reveals the probems with the manegement of National Swimming Team. In short, our manegement system of competitive sports should be matched by above five areas, and the operational mechanism of National Team needs to fuse the five aspects. Only by doing so can our competive sports achieve the goal of winnig Olympic glories, fullfil the task of harvest in both sport performance and sportsmanship, and cultivate sport talents who will continuously display Chinese image in both sports arena and international community. Related Articles | Metrics

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Athlete Participation in Global Anti-Doping Governance REN Huitao 2020, 45 (4):  30-35.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.005 Abstract ( 4845 )   PDF (1238KB) ( 3400 )   Save Sun Yang's refusal is essentially an athlete's struggle against WADA authoritarianism, even though it is completely inappropriate. Based on a survey of athletes' attitudes towards doping in recent years, the study analyzed the issue of athlete participation in global anti-doping governance. The study found that athletes generally support anti-doping, indicating that WADA and anti-doping work are necessary. However, working principles and methods such as the whereabouts information mechanism, the biological passport system, and the strict responsibility principle violate the athletes' privacy, threaten their personal safety and property rights, and even hurt the athletes personality and dignity. This has led to dissatisfaction among athletes with WADA and its governance system. With the intensification of conflicts, athletes have begun to use various channels to request the global anti-doping system with WADA as the core to rethink the legitimacy of organizations and behaviors, improve the transparency and compliance of anti-doping work, and solve athletes' anti-excitement Marginalization in agent governance. By analyzing the Anti-Doping Charter of Athlete Rights, the study believes that the promotion of athletes' democratic status in global anti-doping system can be achieved through decision-making, governance, and regulatory participation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Interpretation and Reaction to the Penalty System Modification of the 2021 World Anti-doping Code DING Yu 2020, 45 (4):  36-41.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.006 Abstract ( 4942 )   PDF (1238KB) ( 3456 )   Save The penalty system in the new edition of the World Anti-Doping Code, which came into force in 2021, has been changed most and has the greatest impact on athletes. Therefore, it needs to be examined in depth. Based on the text analysis of several drafts and the comments of the parties concerned in the course of revision, this paper respectively explains, with reference to the cases in practice, the modification of the original punishment provisions, the new punishment system and the modification of the technical system, and extracts the general characteristics of classification, flexible treatment and increased uncertainty in the new punishment system. China should pay more attention to future anti-doping cases and make the rules more detailed, strengthen the construction of supporting systems, and put forward recommendations more actively so as to better apply the penalty system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Media Spectacle, Symbol Construction and Cognitive Biases: Interpreting the Public Impression of Althetes from the Perspective of Communication XU Xiaohan, YI Jiandong 2020, 45 (4):  42-48.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.007 Abstract ( 4994 )   PDF (1457KB) ( 3459 )   Save Sun Yang sanctioned with an 8-year period of ineligibility by CAS is the hot spot of public opinion in sports circles in 2020 which shows the following propagation characteristics: the effect is propagated before the cause, the stratification and aggregation of participants, and the public opinion turning frequently.Starting from the phenomenon analysis of the event, this paper, by dint of the analysis of public opinion, introduces relevant theories of communication and sociology, deeply analyzes the construction and collapse process of Sun Yang's public image under the interaction of the ontological existence, objective construction and symbol interpretation. This paper analyzes the social reasons that lead to the phenomenon of sports giant babies in China and the decoupling between sports development and international sports order — the cognitive bias caused by the post-modern release of pre-modern cultural conflicts from the following three aspects: the individual behavior contrast reflected by the collapse of SUN Yang's image, the logic bias of Sun's family and team, and the narrative habit of the sports propaganda context in China.Finally, from the perspective of facing up to the negative effects of media in sports communication, improving the common media literacy of sports practitioners and sports cultural participants, and reconstructing the publicity of media, this study proposes the ways for Chinese sports to break through the multi-forces dynamic game of sports globalization by taking media development as the starting point. Related Articles | Metrics

THE 11^th CONVENTION ON SPORT SCIENCE OF CHINA

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From Behavior Conflict to Behavior Regulation: Athlete Extra-role Behavior under the Chinese Context SHAO Kai 2020, 45 (4):  49-54.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.008 Abstract ( 837 )   PDF (1340KB) ( 566 )   Save The extra-role behavior of athletes is an inevitable issue in the management of competitive sports in the process of building a strong sports nation in China, and it is also a key issue that determines the performance of competitive sports teams. Under the premise of clearly defining the extra-role behavior, the author discussed the conflicting behavior between the sports team athletes' role behavior and the team behavior, analyzed and explored the restrictive elements of the Chinese athlete's role behavior. Using the methods of literature data, logic analysis and case analysis, the author deeply analyzed the conflicts between the behaviors of athletes existing in the Chinese sports team and the current team behavior management in the new era. Combining the centralization, regularity and complexity in the process of team behavior management, the author puts forward three points to regulate the behavior of Chinese athletes in the new era: 1 Breaking through the centralization of the sports team: revising the national system, constructing a characteristic sports culture, and stimulating the behavior of athletes; 2 Guiding the normative nature of the sports team: establishing a behavioral transformation mechanism, refining the distribution of team benefits, and ensuring the behavior of athletes; 3 Coordinating the complexity of sports team: completing behavioral contracts, enhancing personal rationality, and being cautious about the behavior of athletes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aiding-Korea War during the Reign of Wanli and the Spread of Wushu Art of Zhejiang Troops on the Korean Peninsula CAI Yi 2020, 45 (4):  55-61.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.009 Abstract ( 1442 )   PDF (1256KB) ( 813 )   Save The outbreak of the Aiding Korea War during the Reign of Wanli in the late Ming Dynasty promoted the spread of the martial arts of Zhejiang Troops, which took the Yuanyang Formation as the core, to the Korean peninsula, creating a historical opportunity for the systematic study of Chinese martial arts culture in Korea. However, this brilliant history of Chinese martial arts communication has not yet attracted enough attention in the domestic academic circles. In order to clarify the historical process whereby the Zhejiang Troops martial arts spread eastward to the Korean peninsula, this present paper examined ancient Korean historical materials and found that Korea collected the book of Ji Xiao Xin Shu through various channels, drilled soldiers fully in accordance with the rules of Zhejiang Troops martial arts and compiled a book named Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts based on the content of Ji Xiao Xin Shu. Meanwhile, Korea established a new national training supervision department to supervise soldier practice and reform the killer training system in military test, while the Ming dynasty sent instructors to teach Zhejiang Troops martial arts in accordance with the training principle of "same armor, same weapons and same skills", which built overseas ties of Qijiajun on the Korean peninsula. d the same skills", which created overseas ties of Qijiajun on the Korean peninsula. The spread of Zhejiang Troops martial arts on the Korea peninsula enriched the content of martial arts in Korea, laid a theoretical foundation for the development of Korean martial arts, promoted the innovation of Korean traditional martial arts and ushered a historical chapter for the spread of Chinese martial arts. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SOCIAL SCIENCE

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Arc GIS-based Research on Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of National Sports Towns LIU Zhoumin, ZHOU Hongzhang, CAO Qingrong 2020, 45 (4):  62-67.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.010 Abstract ( 2646 )   PDF (1291KB) ( 763 )   Save Taking the first batch of 96 national sports towns as research samples, this paper studied their distribution characteristics, equilibrium degree, distribution density and further studied the factors which affect the spatial distribution of sports towns with ArcGIS 10.2 spatial analysis, the nearest neighboring index, geographic concentration index, coefficient of variation, kernal density estimation and overlay analysis, etc. The results show that: (1) The first batch of national sports towns don't present a balanced distribution, but an aggregated distribution, which is highest around Beijing and Shanghai, but rare in the western region; (2) The spatial distribution of sports towns is mainly influenced by topographical factor and climate factor, population density, economic condition and transportation network. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influencing Factors of Sponsorship Income of Professional Tennis Events in China ——Taking China Open as an Example LIU Fangzhi, CHEN Linxiang 2020, 45 (4):  68-73.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.011 Abstract ( 2274 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 659 )   Save Sponsorship income is the most important source of income for the market development of China's professional tennis events. Taking China Open as an example, the factors affecting its sponsorship income were analyzed quantitatively by establishing multiple regression model. The results show that: the duration of TV broadcast is the primary key factor affecting the sponsorship income of China Open, followed by the amount of prize or the number of top players, the number of local players is the key factor affecting the sponsorship income of China Open at least at the present stage, and the last one is sponsorship fit. On this basis, it is suggested that the organizers of professional tennis events in China should focus on strengthening the cooperation with TV and other media, optimizing the competition product mix, increasing the amount of prize, clarifying the event positioning, creating a good tennis cultural atmosphere and other sponsorship investment strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Institutional Governance and Its Characteristics of American University Competitive Sports PENG Guoqiang, GAO Qingyong 2020, 45 (4):  74-81.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.012 Abstract ( 1540 )   PDF (1385KB) ( 632 )   Save Under the background of advancing the construction of a strong sports country and a national governance system, this paper, using the methods of literature, and comparative analysis, explored the governance system and characteristics of competitive sports in American universities from the institutional system and specific system. The study shows that competitive sports in American universities has a systematic institutional governance system, which includes a "multi-level hierarchical" multi-coordinated governance system, a "top-to-bottom" interlinked governance structure, a "mutual-connected" collaborative governance mechanism, and a differentiated governance model of member schools; the implementation of the basic governance of the federal regulations, the compensatory governance of the competition supporting system, the guaranteed governance of the talent selection system, and the guided governance of the multi-supporting systems; It embodies the characteristics of humanistic governance, multi-subject collaborative governance, rule of law on the basis of system, and "amateur competition". The study proposes to promote the collaborative governance of the diverse subjects of college competitive sports in China, strengthen the rule of law in college competitive sports, improve the competitive system of college student sports associations, and build a system of "trinity" governance of college student sports associations, regional sports leagues and member schools. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Governance Mode of Individual Sports Association under the Condition of Decoupling PENG Fei, ZHANG Zejun, XU Shichun, XU Jun 2020, 45 (4):  82-88.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.013 Abstract ( 2437 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 697 )   Save Under the condition of decoupling, reshaping the relationship between the government and individual sports associations and posotioning the role of the government are an urgent theoretical problem to be solved. Taking the "multiple governance government-led collaborative governance model" as the logical starting point of the study, using the methods of literature and survey, this present paper studies the content of this model. The study shows that the government should lead the associations to collaborate on the basis of recognizing the law of self-organized collaboration, and establish a workable interaction mechanism of "value coordination, subject coordination, interest coordination and process coordinaton" by clarifying the sequence parameters, mastering sports big data, promoting social credibility, advocating equal consultation and interaction order, and formulating positive incentive policies. Suggestions: the core values of socialism should be used to lead the coordinated development of multiple objectives; the empowerment and governance structure reform should be used to promote the collaborative relationship between the subjects of coordinaiton and co-governance; the business drive should be used to promote the collaborative relationship of benefit sharing; the big data technology governance should be used to establish the collaborative platform of cooperation, supervision and evaluation process; different types of individual sports associations should develop independently due to different resource endowment and governance ability, which will lead to the different implementation paths of the coordination mechanism; the collaborative relationship between the central and local individual associaitons is also embedded in it. It is hoped that this study can provide theoretical support for the follow-up modernization of the management system and management capacity of individual sports associations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on the Realization of the Urban Heritage Vision of Beijing Winter Olympics under the "Sustainability Strategy Framework" XU Ziqi, SUN Baoli, DONG Xiaoyan 2020, 45 (4):  89-94.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.014 Abstract ( 2891 )   PDF (1857KB) ( 908 )   Save The "Sustainability Strategy framework" is a new planning for the sustainable development model of the Olympic Games which was formulated by the International Olympic Committee in 2017 and is implemented as the specific measures for sustainable development issues in the Olympic 2020 Agenda. Exploring the urban heritage of the Beijing Winter Olympics on the basis of the "Sustainability Strategy Framework" can effectively establish the creative path and dimension of the Beijing Winter Olympics urban heritage, realize the vision of urban heritage, and ensure the development of the long-term benefits of urban heritage. The research shows that the "Sustainability Strategy Framework" provides the realization strategy for the creation of the Olympic Winter Games urban heritage in facility construction, urban ecology, organizational governance and cultural construction. The framework can also promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Zhangjiakou and even the urban community of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, improve the level of urban governance, give urban residents a dignified life experience, and eventually excavate the Olympic Winter Games urban heritage in an all-round way to form a win-win interaction between the event and the city. Related Articles | Metrics

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From Women with Bound Feet to New Chinese Women: the Outbound Visits of Liangjiang Women's Basketball Team and Its Significance in the Period of the Republic of China ZHOU Yating 2020, 45 (4):  95-101.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.015 Abstract ( 905 )   PDF (1249KB) ( 574 )   Save Based on the various newspapers and periodicals, and with reference to the background of the development of Chinese society in the early 1930s, this present paper sorted out and analyzed the outbound visits of Liangjiang Women's Basketball Team by the methods of historical research. The results show that the outbound visits of Liangjiang Women's Basketball Team met the needs of the development of Chinese society at that time, promoted the country-to-country exchanges of basketball culture in East Asia and Southeast Asia, demonstrated the spiritual outlook of the new Chinese women, and strengthened the communication and friendship with the people of relevant countries, meeting the expected goal of outbound visit of folk sports. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Inquiry on the E-sport Phenomenon based on Sport Evolution Logic HUO Chuansong 2020, 45 (4):  102-107.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.016 Abstract ( 1244 )   PDF (1234KB) ( 822 )   Save E-sport, one of the most rapidly-developed and latest cultural phenomena in today's society, is highly industrialized. As a result, it has attracted a large number of followers, and is exerting deep influence across the world. However, its identity and related ethical issues remain the two most controversial aspects. How to recognize and judge the social phenomenon of E-sports is a problem yet to be solved in the course of academic and industrial development The paper, based on the sports evolution logic and taking E-sport as a historical phenomenon, discussed the dialectical relations between sport and the etymology of "tiyu", aiming to define a proper position in sport development logic for E-sport. It is hoped that this new perception can help people enquire on the nature and value of E-sport. This paper also puts forward some advice for the development of E-sport in China. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND HUMAN BODY

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Research on Olympic Champion Wu Dajing's Technique of Skating out the Curve in Short Track Speed Skating Based on Virtual Reality Technology WANG Yang, ZHOU Jihe, WANG Shuai, LIU Guohui 2020, 45 (4):  108-113.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.017 Abstract ( 1708 )   PDF (1381KB) ( 720 )   Save Wu Dajing, a leading short track speed skater in China, won the gold medal in men's 500 m at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games. We hope that Wu Dajing will make another outstanding achievement in the coming Beijing Winter Olympic Games. The technique of skating out of the curve plays an important role in technique and tactics, and it is also critical for athletes to obtain excellent results. This paper shooted men's 500 m final of the 2017/18 ISU World Cup Short Track (Shanghai) through three-dimensional video, analyzed the kinematic parameters of Wu Dajing's technique of skating out of the curve, reconstructed his technique of skating out of the curve through 3D virtual reality technology, and explored the kinematic characteristics of world's elite short track speed skaters' technique and tactics in skating out of the curve. The results show that: (1) The skating track of Wu Dajing gradually deviates from the track (4.59 m) and the speed is 13.13 m/s at T5, which can maintain his skating speed while reducing his skating distance as much as possible. (2)The internal inclination angle of Wu Dajing gradually increases, which can avoid falling and slow down the decline of speed as much as possible. (3)Wu Dajing's torso angle is smaller when his right foot is off the ice (T2) or when his left foot is off the ice (T4), and the trunk angle is smaller when his right foot is on the ice (T3) or when his left foot is on the ice (T5), that is, Wu Dajing's posture is lower in the single-foot supporting stage and higher in the double-foot supporting stage. (4)Wu Dajing's extension of the right leg in the first double-foot supporting stage is smaller than that of the left leg in the second double-foot supporting stage. (5)Wu Dajing's ice pedalling angle of the left leg is always smaller than that of the right leg, and the change range of the ice pedalling angle of the left leg is smaller than that of the right leg. (6)The gravitatinal center of Wu Dajing gradually increases in the process of skating out of the curve; the average speed in the four stages is maintained well; the time of the double-foot supporting stages is shorter than that of the single-foot supporting stages. In summary, Wu Dajing has good technical and tactical ability to skate out of the curve, and it is worth study. It is suggested that he keep the torso angle as small as possible without destroying the movement structure and the rhythm of competition, which is helpful to reduce the air resistance and maintain high-speed skating. In addition, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the ice-pedalling angle when the right foot is off the ice (T2), which is conducive to enhancing the pedaling effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Executive Function in Preschool Children CHANG Zhenya, WANG Shuming 2020, 45 (4):  114-120.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.018 Abstract ( 1165 )   PDF (2045KB) ( 952 )   Save Objective: To explore the relationship between low physical activity (LPA), moderate-to- vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB) and executive function in preschool children. Methods: 144 preschool-age children were chosen as the research subjects, the accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X-BT) was used to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior, the parental version of the Children's Executive Function Scale (BRIEF-P) was used to evaluate executive function, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and isotemporal substitution analysis was used to explore the relationship among them. Results: (1) MVPA was significantly negatively correlated with executive function score, while LPA and SB were not significantly correlated with executive function score; (2) After controlling for factors such as gender, age, urban and rural, and wearing time, MVPA still maintains a negative influence on executive function scores, and SB begins to have a positive influence. On this basis, adding control of SB or MVPA, only MVPA and VPA still have significant influence on the inhibition function; (3) After MVPA replaces SB isochronously, preschool children's inhibition, refresh, inhibition of self-control, metacognition scores and total score of executive function all decreased significantly, in contrast, all increased significantly; (4) After MVPA isochronously replaced LPA, the score of inhibitory function decreased significantly, but the score change in other executive function dimensions was not significant. Conclusion: The MVPA objectively monitored by the accelerometer is closely related to the executive function, especially the inhibitory function of preschool children. Promoting the appropriate conversion of SB and LPA, especially SB to MVPA, can effectively improve the executive function performance of preschool children. Related Articles | Metrics

OVERSEA VISION

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Martial Arts and Contemporary Dance:Rhythmic Convergences of the Human Body Sergio Raimondo , WANG Yongshun 2020, 45 (4):  121-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2020.04.019 Abstract ( 1347 )   PDF (1246KB) ( 783 )   Save According to the famous sinologist Marcel Granet, the concept of the world expressed by the Yin/Yang theory, is based on the universal efficiency of rhythm. The concept of rhythm is also fundamental to the new scientific paradigms which, in recent decades, have been discussing new theories of complexity, in order to go beyond Cartesian-Newtonian reductionism. Dance and martial arts are the two human experiences where individuals most experience the whole sense of rhythm. In recent decades increasingly frequent encounters between Western contemporary dance and Eastern martial arts have been developing.Analysis of classical and contemporary dance meeting combining with Eastern martial arts and meditation techniques. Different currents of contemporary dance produced four shows containing clear references to the techniques, philosophy, situations and scenarios of Asian martial arts. These performances are analysed by relevant literature and pictures.The experiences of the fusion of martial arts and dance that we analysed seem to re-discover the primal tie between play, drama and ritual, that was a characteristic of ancient societies. The aesthetic pleasure saves the reality of the object, which is, at the same time, under the influence of the subjective action; the result is an experience of artistic creativity which involves the human body as a whole.Asian martial arts are based on the universal efficiency of rhythm expressed by the Yin/Yang theory. Dance re-discovers the artistic component of martial arts, thus starting again the search for harmony, beauty and peace which are the basis of the philosophy of martial arts. Related Articles | Metrics