Table of Content

15 November 2015, Volume 41 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

MONOGRAPHIC RESEARCH--ACADEMIC REVIEW

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Classification and Characteristic Analysis of Literature Review WANG Guanghu,HE Xinsen,WANG Gang 2015, 41 (6):  1-8.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.001 Abstract ( 2493 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 1303 )   Save Literature review can be divided into academic literature review and research literature review according to its purpose and nature of text. Academic literature review targets academic problems on academic level, and its results can be directly published in academic journals. The text features of academic literature lie in its emphasis on the following points: being authoritative so as to ensure the academic tone and maintain the academic taste, being classic so as to clarify academic trend and grasp the academic landscape, being at academic frontier so as to determine academic trend and break through the academic stalemate, being academic oriented so as to highlight academic prediction and takes lead in academic studies. Research literature review is not independent research in terms of completeness, but necessary preparation to ensure that the research process is rational and efficient. Research literature review, subordinate in nature, cannot be directly or should not be directly published in academic journals. For postgraduate training, research literature review has the following phrasal characteristics: defining problems in topic-choosing stage; forming questions in research proposal-preparing stage; understanding problems in research- concluding stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Centennial Development of Foreign Strength Training Research in the View of Information Science ZHAO Bingjun 2015, 41 (6):  9-15.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.002 Abstract ( 2317 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 1697 )   Save Using the methods of literature investigation, mathematical statistics, expert consultation and cluster analysis, the paper divides the stages of the century development history of foreign strength training researches. It also analyzes distribution characteristics and changes of the countries/areas, research institutions, authors, funds, publications and disciplines that have made outstanding contribution to the field development with 7 major research themes in the field identified. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Athletes’ Aggression Research ZHANG Zhao,CHU Yuede 2015, 41 (6):  16-21.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.003 Abstract ( 1663 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 1701 )   Save Aggression is any form (physical, psychological or verbal) of harming or injuring behavior towards another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. Based on the native and overseas studies on athletes’ aggression since 2000, the current study showcases the latest research findings in 3 aspects related to athletes’ aggression, namely its definition, measuring methods and influential factors, and puts forward some enlightening ideas for further research in the field. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

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An Empirical Study of Relationship Between MigrantWorkers’ Awareness and Behavior of Sports Participation and Their Integration into City GUO Qing,GUAN Yingjie,ZHAO Yanfang 2015, 41 (6):  22-27.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.004 Abstract ( 1784 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 1532 )   Save This study taking the migrant workers in Chengdu as a sample, investigated migrant workers’ awareness/behavior of participating in sports and its relationship with the degree of their integration into city. Research results showed that Chengdu migrant workers’ awareness and behavior of sport participation is low, while the degree of their integration into the city is high. Statistically, there is no correlation between sports participation awareness and behavior and degree of integration into the city. The hypothesis was not proven that migrant workers’ participation in sport can contribute to their integration into the city. The study also found that positive evaluation of sport correlates with the degree of integration. Our analysis revealed that sport features social participation, interaction, learning and organization in theory, but in reality, the concept of regarding movement as physical exercise restricts migrant workers’ participation in sports behavior, and therefore, the role of sports in facilitating migrant workers’ integration into city still lacks the psychological and practical conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Mass Sports in Tibetan Plateau Areas: An Environmental Science Perspective GAO Jike,TIAN Guoxiang,ZHAO Fuxue,CAI RANG Zhuoma 2015, 41 (6):  28-33.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.005 Abstract ( 1585 )   PDF (1150KB) ( 1549 )   Save Using the methods of literature review, instrument measurement, questionnaire and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzed the status quo of Mass Sports in Tibetan Plateau Areas of Gansu Province. Based on air pollutants and meteorological index data from eight monitoring stations in Tibetan areas of Gansu province and National Standards, the paper conducted an environmental scientific analysis of the collected data. The results showed that: mass sport exercise in concentrated exercise periods in Gansu Tibetan areas, Indexes SO2, NO2, and PM10 all excess the normal standards in varying degrees, and wind speed, humidity, temperature, and pressure affect the human body workout. Recommendation: the relevant functional departments should strengthen the monitoring on air quality, offer guidance for the masses on doing physical exercises scientifically, choose appropriate physical exercise periods and develop appropriate exercise prescription. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Sports Culture of Border Areas and Social Stability Development: a Social Perspective BAO Wenli,QIU Liangwu,LI Caixia 2015, 41 (6):  34-37.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.006 Abstract ( 1734 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 1585 )   Save Under the background of building a harmonious and stable society, the social function of sports culture demonstrates an ever-increasing role and social value. The country's social harmony and stability can't do without the harmony and stability of the frontier. Researching the relationship between sports culture and social harmony and stable development on border areas is an essential way of building a harmonious frontier society, promoting the stable development of the frontier and achieving our country’s strategic goals of “One Belt and One Road”, and has extremely important theoretical and practical significance for social harmony and stability and national security. Based on field investigation of the development of sports culture on Western Yunnan border areas, this paper summarized, analyzed and illustrated the relationship between sports culture and social harmony, stability and development in border areas in the hope of promoting the stability and development of border areas and contributing to the building of a harmonious society with Chinese characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correction of Theory of Go Originating in the Western Han Dynasty YAN Xiali,LONG Haixia,YAN Shaolu 2015, 41 (6):  38-42.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.007 Abstract ( 1537 )   PDF (1109KB) ( 1423 )   Save Many hypotheses have been proposed about the origin of the Chinese Go. Scholars tend to believe that it originated in the Qin Dynasty, while the claim that it originated in the Western Han Dynasty has a considerable impact in recent years. Using the methods of literature review, comparison and logical analysis, the paper makes a careful examination of the theory of “Go Originating in the Western Han Dynasty”, only to find that the researchers supportive of the theory mixed up the annotations with interpretations of the original annotations, misplaced Song School and Qing School, thus drawing false conclusions. Besides, scholars’ improper interpretations of historical clues in the unearthed cultural relics also added to the false conclusions. This article concludes that the game should have originated in the Pre-Qin period, which was not only confirmed by scholars of various dynasties, but also supported by the unearthed cultural relics and literature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Body Clues: Philosophical Reflections on Sports Absence in Renaissance ZHANG Xiaolu, LIANG Qinchao, HAN Yuji 2015, 41 (6):  43-48.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.008 Abstract ( 1813 )   PDF (1131KB) ( 1633 )   Save Although obtaining great achievements in science, literature and arts, Renaissance failed to rejuvenate sports culture. This has become a flaw of Renaissance, and needs to be examined and reflected upon. This paper examines the body clues from a philosophical perspective, trying to explain how sports are absent in the Renaissance movement. The evolution of the body clues reveals that sports in the West in ancient times underwent several stages: the flourishing period in ancient Greece, the inactive period in the medieval ages as a result of the confinement of Christianity, and the “stumbling-in-low-profile” period during Renaissance when science, technology, culture and art were roundly recovering. For sports, Renaissance promoted emancipation of mind and awareness of body consciousness. During the renaissance period, sports just had a good beginning, and were far from being rejuvenated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dilemma and Breakthrough of the Institutionalization of Public Sports Services in China ZHAO Yuanji 2015, 41 (6):  49-54.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.009 Abstract ( 1871 )   PDF (1135KB) ( 1476 )   Save The national governance system can be understood as a set of institutional arrangements to maintain the order of the state, and its effective functioning needs a sound and comprehensive system. Based on the framework of national governance system, the paper makes a survey on the perfection degree of China's public sports service system construction and the executive force of the system. The results demonstrated that the basic aspects of the public sports service system in China need to be improved, and building an effective supervision- and-accountability system and the demand expression system should be the core and key to the construction endeavor. The success of the institutional reform relies heavily on the advancement of its grantee system, namely, the coordinated law reform. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Key of Public Sports Resources Allocation: Effective Market and Promising Government SHU Zongli 2015, 41 (6):  55-61.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.010 Abstract ( 1613 )   PDF (1191KB) ( 1616 )   Save Using the methods of literature review, field survey and interview, and taking an interpretation of dual properties of public sports resources as its basis, discusses the government-market coordinated regulatory mechanism of public sports resources allocation and its effect The results show that: (1) the allocation of public sports resources is determined by their attributes, namely, the public attribute and the economic attribute. The allocation can be realized through government plans and market operations. The core problem is to harmonize the relationship between government and market; (2) the relationship between government and market mutually supplementary, coordinated, promotional and unified, “government failure" and "market failure" coexist in reality. Therefore, a diversified coordinated regulatory mechanism between government and market(enterprises, social organizations and citizens) needs to be developed; (3) Government's advantage lies in its planning. Government can play a leading role through participation, guidance, supervision, regulation; Market’s advantage lies in its production. Market can play a decisive role through the supply-demand mechanism, the price mechanism and the competition mechanism; (4) Only by seeking coordinated governance of effective market and promising government, and preventing the misplacement of government and market in their relationship can the allocation of public sports resources be optimized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Indexed Status of International Journals in Sport Sciences and Discussion: a Cor-relational Perspective WANG Lei,SI Huke 2015, 41 (6):  62-67.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.011 Abstract ( 1682 )   PDF (1284KB) ( 1515 )   Save Using journals indexed in the Sport Sciences category in WoS and Scopus database in 2013 as research objects and the corresponding data in the Journal Citation Reports as a reference, this paper compared and analyzed the correlation of the three main evaluation indexes in the superimposed journals and discussed the reasonableness of non-superimposed journal division. The results showed that the strict division of natural science journals and social science journals and a focus on high-quality journals are main causes that sport science journals in WoS are lesser than those in Scopus. In both databases, the citation data reference of sports science journals is strong, the correlation between influential factors and new indexes is high and the replacement ability is strong. But comparison between the excellent sports journals and comparison between interdisciplinary journals show that the new index has some advantages. For sports scholars, the two Journal Citation Reports have important reference value in their research grant application, paper submission and scientific research. China is still short of similar comprehensive multidisciplinary citation database and evaluation reports. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND COMPETITION

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Logical Basis and Biological Principle of the Effective Training in Competitive Sports (II) LI Jie,WANG Lixian 2015, 41 (6):  68-74.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.012 Abstract ( 1653 )   PDF (1593KB) ( 1379 )   Save This paper aims to study the nature of sports items, the existing mode of "quality" and "quantity" of sports items and their dialectical relationship, the nature of "quantity" and the prescription of the training quantity standard in relation to actual combat target (sequence), the energy dissipation and time dimension of quantity, the relationship between "payload" and competitive target state (sequence and ability for special items), the biological mechanism of "sequence" formation, the endogenous logic standard of competitive training quantity and the design principle and application of scientific control of effective exercise "quantity", The paper further analyzes the logical basis of "payload" design in competitive training, the existing mode of training load "quantity" and its relationship with biological adaption, the conventionality of factors within the "quantity" standard in competitive training items, the complexity of "quantity" components, and the design and controlled application methods of "quantity" movement in competitive training. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evidence-based Practice: A New Perspective on Theoretical Research and Practical Exploration of Sports Training and Competition ZHANG Weiqiang,YE Guoxiong 2015, 41 (6):  75-78.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.013 Abstract ( 1689 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 1674 )   Save Based on the new perspective on theoretical research and practical exploration of sports training and competition, this essay discusses some issues in relation to evidence-based practice, and explains evidence-based practice a new practice theory from two aspect: evidence-based practice movement and evidence-based medicine and discipline model. The essay also expounds the basic theory and its value of evidence-based practice from five aspects: the essence of thought, framework, basic methods, practice evidence and practice strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Uncertainty of CBA Teams’ Competition Power in the 2005-2015 Seasons LIU Yongfeng,LIU Lianhong,XU Changnan,ZHANG Mingxin 2015, 41 (6):  79-84.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.014 Abstract ( 1711 )   PDF (1432KB) ( 1632 )   Save Taking CBA teams in the last 10 seasons (2005～2015) as a case, and applying HHI method in Economics to the analysis of the data in cross section, time sequence and panel, the author measures and reveals the uncertainty of CBA teams’ competition power and explores the uncertainty’s relation to audience, winning percentage in home and away competitions and net scores. Results demonstrate that the CBA HHI value gradually decreases in the past 10 seasons, which indicates that the CBA teams’ competition power is developing towards a balanced state, while the competitive gap between the teams is still significant; The gap between home and away winning percentage is quite significant (P< 0.01), and the CBA spectator attendance rate is negatively correlated with HHI value (P<0.05), that is, the more uncertain the result is, the higher is the rate of attendance, the gap in net score between home and away teams in the past 10 years is gradually narrowing, and the champion and the runner up are becoming close in their strength, but both champion and runner up is significantly stronger than the rest teams in strength. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Discussion of Overall Basketball LI Xiangqian 2015, 41 (6):  85-89.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.015 Abstract ( 1570 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 1697 )   Save Using the method of literature review, this article analyzed the connotation of the “overall basketball” concept so as to promote the learning and communication of different basketball techniques and styles, and to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development of our national basketball. The main conclusion: analysis on collaboration between players in overall basketball games, individual’s use of techniques in the team tactics and stress of players' focus on the game shows that “overall basketball” is a holistic concept of competitive basketball, which embraces technical and tactical characteristics, individual performance and team collaboration, basketball style in a country’s or region’s basketball training and competition. The application of “overall basketball” needs to be based on the actual conditions of basketball development. Still, if it is to maintain its vitality, it needs to absorb experiences and make innovations. Therefore, we need to look at the “overall basketball” concept rationally. Related Articles | Metrics

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Emotional Quotient and Sport Coaches’ Leadership Behavior: the Intermediary Effect of Coaching Efficacy ZHANG Yuman 2015, 41 (6):  90-95.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.016 Abstract ( 1894 )   PDF (1379KB) ( 1615 )   Save The study selected 260 coaches (male = 176, female = 84) as research subjects. Their EQ, leadership and efficiency were tested by questionnaire for an examination of the relationship between coaches' EQ and leadership and the mediation of coaching efficacy. The results suggested that (1) There are significant correlation between the emotional quotient and coaching efficacy. Coaches’ impulse has significant influence on their technique guidance efficacy and character-building efficacy, and coaches’ anxiety has significant influence on their game strategy efficacy, motivation efficacy and character-building efficacy. (2) The coaches’ game strategy efficacy can effectively predict their autocratic behavior, social support behavior, positive feedback behavior. The coaches’ motivation efficacy has significantly predictable effect on their leadership style. (3) The coaching efficacy has significant intermediary effect on emotional quotient and coaches' leadership. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SCIENCE OF HUMAN BODY

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3D Virtual Reality Technology-Based Analysis of Zhou Shixiong’s Action of 5/4 Turn to Handstand on Parallel Bars ZHOU Jihe,WANG Shuai,LIU Yi, LI Xi 2015, 41 (6):  96-99.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.017 Abstract ( 1927 )   PDF (1135KB) ( 1576 )   Save For the first time in the world, Chinese athlete Zhou Shixiong completed 450° turn to handstand on parallel bars. This article applies 3D video analytic method to collect Zhou Shixiong’s kinematic data in the competition, uses immersive 3D virtual reality technology to reconstruct the obtained kinematics data, and makes kinematics analysis in the form of three dimensional animation after 360° rotation-reproduced observations. The study shows that although Zhou Shixiong completed this action in the game, it is still not perfect. The main problems include that he stretches hip earlier, and his swing scope is slightly wide in upswing stage. This leads to the result that when he supports his body with one arm, the horizontal distance between his body center of gravity and the supporting point is too wide. As a result, his body tilts and this affects his subsequent handstand action. Besides, his two legs are not fully closed in the swiveling phase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Validity of RT3 Triaxial Accelerometer for Measuring Various Physical Activities DAI Jiansong,GU Zhongke,XU Kai,SUN Biao 2015, 41 (6):  100-106.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.018 Abstract ( 2273 )   PDF (1352KB) ( 1720 )   Save Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of RT3 Triaxial accelerometer in the aspects of measuring different types of physical activity and verify the precision accuracy of energy expenditure prediction model in the RT3 software in order to develop more accurate energy expenditure prediction formula for Chinese. Methods: In the method of Indirect heat measurement, 14 males and 16 females completed 20 activities including 2mph walking, 3mph walking, 3mph 3% grade walking, 3mph 8% grade walking, 4mph brisk walking, 4mph 3% grade brisk walking, 5mph and 6mph running, slow and quick skipping, 10mph and 13mph bicycle riding, ascending stairs, descending stairs, cleaning table, washing clothes, mopping floor, playing table tennis, strength testing for upper limb and lower limb. Results: The R2 between counts of vector magnitude, Vertical (V), medial–lateral (ML), anterior–posterior (AP) planes and METs were0.63、0.62、0.59,0.46, the results showed three axis could occur synchronous changes with physical activities. The R2 between counts of vector magnitude counts , vertical counts and METs were almost same when measuring not only walking but also daily living activities. Conclusions: Using three-axis accelerometer is not considered much better than uniaxial acceleration sensor. RT3 itself consumption prediction model is not suitable for Chinese people .RT3 could sensitively measure flat walking, but couldn’t accurately detect walking on slope, ascending and descending stairs. Regression formulas according to walking and all activities in the research and Common activities regression formula have more accuracy in predicting energy consumption than foreign formulas; however the error is still inevitable. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Correlation Study of Athlete’s Functional Performance Test after ACL Reconstruction and Back-to-Arena Standard LIU Shufang,JIAO Wei,ZHANG Xiaohui,LIAO Bagen 2015, 41 (6):  107-110.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.019 Abstract ( 1864 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 1689 )   Save Objective: This research studies the evaluation methods for player back to arena after ACL reconstruction and the correlation between motor function test and clinical evaluations in the hope of improving the motor function evaluation methods. Methods: A total of 30 athletes received ACL reconstruction and conformed with the study standard were selected. After rehabilitation training, the athletes were evaluated by isokinetic muscle strength, IKDC, single-hop, self-sensing test and trio functional performance test (FPT) at the time of 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Meanwhile 30 healthy athletes were also tested. Test results were analyzed by statistical software of 17.0 SPSS, and P<0.05 represents significant difference. Results: (1) Three FPTs have significant negative correlation with IKDC, single-hop (healthy facet and injured facet) and peaks torque of extension muscle (P<0.01). (2)The peak torque flexor muscle has significant negative correlation with cocontraction test and Carioca test (P<0.05). Conclusion: Trio functional performance test (FPT) has significant correlation with IKDC, single-hop and isokinetic muscle strength. Therefore, they can be used as the indicators of athletes’ back-to-arena after ACL reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Clinical Effect Observation of No-Specific Low Back Pain Treatment by Triple Bridge Exercise Therapy CHENG Jie,ZHOU Ling,SU Quansheng 2015, 41 (6):  111-114.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.020 Abstract ( 1607 )   PDF (1107KB) ( 1691 )   Save Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of No-specific Low Back Pain(NLBP) after triple bridge exercise therapy. Method: In the period from Oct. 2013 to Mar. 2015, 60 cases of patients with no-specific low back pain from Chengdu Sports University were treated with triple bridge exercise therapy. The clinical effects were observed, compared and assessed according to the changes of the lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle,VAS,ODI,SF-36 before treatments and one month after treatments, three month after treatments. Results: All 60 patients were successfully followed up during the treatment. There is a distinctive difference between the pre-therapy and one month after treatments, one month after treatments and three month after treatments .The two groups are statistically different (P<0.05) in lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle, VAS,ODI. Conclusion: The clinical effect of NLBP by triple bridge exercise therapy is satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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Research on the Influence of Football Teaching on Children’s Movement Development JI Zhongqiu,GONG Rui,GE Hongyan,LI Lin,JIANG Guiping 2015, 41 (6):  115-121.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.021 Abstract ( 1901 )   PDF (1146KB) ( 1887 )   Save Based on the theory of movement development and football teaching practice, this article probes into children’s movement development. Here are some conclusions: through 12 weeks of football teaching, boys and girls at age 11 have improved greatly in vestibular step balance and dynamic balance.(P<0.01). Girls at 9, boys and girls at age 10 have significantly improved in the above two balances (P<0.05); Meanwhile, the static balance ability of all the girls aged 9 in the three groups has significantly increased (P<0.01), the same is true of boys at age 9 and 11 (P<0.05);In swinging leg 3D acceleration test, boys and girls in all the age groups have significant improved (P<0.01). Study of rough kick action by acceleration test instrument strengthens the effort of exploring the relationship between football teaching and children’s movement development and indicates that football teaching can improve children’s postural control ability and boost their movement development. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Survey of Parental Support of Elementary Students’ Physical Activity GAO Miao,WANG Lijuan 2015, 41 (6):  122-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2015.06.022 Abstract ( 1870 )   PDF (1137KB) ( 1642 )   Save Family environment is important for children’s growth and parents’ behavior has a certain influence on children’s behavior. The study is a questionnaire-based research about the situation of parental support of elementary students’ physical activities and the gender difference and the grade difference. The result shows that both father and mother actively company children to do physical activities and fathers’ modeling role in physical activity is stronger than mothers’. The higher the family socio-economic status, the more supportive of children’s physical activity parents are. Fathers provide more logistic support for sons and mothers for daughters. The higher children’s grade, parents’ companion tends to decrease. There is no significant gender or grade difference in parents’ modeling for elementary school students’ physical activity. Related Articles | Metrics