Table of Content

20 March 2014, Volume 40 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Tendency of the Changes of the Sports Science and Technology Polices in China LIU Hongtao1, GONG Zhigang2 2014, 40 (3):  1-5.  Abstract ( 701 )   PDF (1462KB) ( 1500 )   Save A thorough and systematic study of sports science and technology policy is of great significance to the development of the sports science and technology.By applying the methods of document literature, interview, and textual analysis, this article divides the process of the development of sports science and technology policies into six stages according to the features of the policies.On the basis of that, the policy factors, policy process and the types of policy changes are analyzed from the perspective of the policy science to deepen the understanding of the changes of sports science and technology policies, and then the tendency of the sports science and technology is proposed in order to grasp the initiatives brought about by the changes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Change and Practice of Governance-system of international Sport organization——Take the governance change of Australian Touch Football as example Zhang Wei1, 2 2014, 40 (3):  6-11.  Abstract ( 655 )   PDF (946KB) ( 1256 )   Save combining the Australian political system, history, culture and autonomous movement etc, Giving a systematic evaluation of The Australian Touch Football traditional management system both the "advantages" and "disadvantages"。This study shows that The Traditional Management System of Australian Touch Football have many weakness, and slowed the development of Australian Touch Football. Therefore, the Governance structure have changed, from a federal delegate model to an independent board. Which is not only Inherited the advantages of traditional management system, but also solved the problems in federal delegate model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Youth Sport Events Abroad:Policy Exploration, Case Study and Prospective Inspiration LIU Ming-Yi, et al 2014, 40 (3):  12-16.  Abstract ( 697 )   PDF (1709KB) ( 1283 )   Save The paper analyzes the influences of sports policy-making and the establishment of management system in USA, UK, Japan and Russia on youth sports competitions, believing that youth sports organizations play the dual roles of popularizing sports and bringing up reserve talents athletes in the process of holding competitions.The paper conducts a case study of the competitions held by British youth sports organizations and the NCAA in order to provide the corresponding inspirations for the socialization process of China’s youth sports competitions. Related Articles | Metrics

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British Football Fans under the Conflict of Collective Identity and Profit Maximization LIANG Bin, et al 2014, 40 (3):  17-23.  Abstract ( 721 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 1380 )   Save By means of literature and statistics, this paper researches the development of British football fan groups from the perspective of Giulianotti' taxonomy. The result shows that traditional British football fan groups are closely related to geographical communities, thus forming the psychological and cultural links. With the development of modern society, traditional fan groups decline and various massive fan groups are formed. Fan groups in modern society are different in formation, behaviors and structure and have different effects on the management of football clubs. Supporters and followers are the basis for the survival and development of clubs while fan groups and flaneur groups form the important impetus for contemporary football clubs to promote their brands.. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Pragmatic Account of the Stance-taking and Identity Construction of the Sports Commentators Jiao Yu-Ping 2014, 40 (3):  24-28.  Abstract ( 798 )   PDF (993KB) ( 1200 )   Save This study defines the stance-taking and identity construction of the sports commentators from the pragmatic perspective. Based on a case study of women singles tennis match of Australian Great Slam of 2013, it is found that three factors including social macro environment(the requirement of audience), the media requirement and individual personality greatly affect the stance-taking and identity construction. The commentators employ various linguistic means and terms to take stances and construct identity following the accommodation theory and triangle theory of Du Bois. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasons for the Rare Breakthroughs of China's Major Olympic Sport Events Chen Lin-Hui 2014, 40 (3):  29-33.  Abstract ( 649 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 1311 )   Save At present China's track and field and swimming demonstrate the sign of fluctuation in terms of their competition performance with imbalanced inner structure and gender ratio. The study finds that there are four reasons restricting the development of Chinese Track and field and swimming: the competent departments' excessive tilt leads to the weak mass basis in the development of the events; the proliferation of short-term basic training hinders the long-term development of such events; the precarious situation of swimming and track and field in schools school sports results in the failure of school sports as the cradle; the low market degree brings about inefficient market operation and development. In order to promote the development of Chinese Track and field and swimming, the paper suggests the following countermeasures of consolidating mass base of the events, strengthening the dependence of personnel training on school education and exploiting the market potentials of the development of these sports events. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Aggregation Effect of the Social Force of the Final Eights of the Southeastern Division of the CUBA LU Heng-Bo, et al 2014, 40 (3):  34-37.  Abstract ( 657 )   PDF (1689KB) ( 1463 )   Save The CUBA has become one of the most representative sports events for college students by the mode of socialization and industrialization. This paper, starting from the conception of "social force", chose the final eight of the Southeastern Division of CUBA as the study subjects and made a comparison of the social force such as manpower, material resources, financial resources and information power of the final eight of the Southeastern Division of CUBA by means of documentation, survey, on-the-spot investigation and experts interview. Studies have shown: the final eight of the Southeastern Division of CUBA teams have been noticed in terms of gathering social forces by relying on the advantages of universities, such as attracting high level coaches and palyers, especially in attracting more social capital investment through the campaign. In the mean while, the news media publicity has gradually been valued by universities and there is a certain correlation between the amount of resources gathered by colleges and universities and team scores. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Basic Theories of Urban Public Sports Space CAI Yu-Jun1, SHAO Bin2 2014, 40 (3):  38-42.  Abstract ( 623 )   PDF (918KB) ( 1364 )   Save Based on the conception, characteristics and principles of the spatial structure of urban public sports, the author mainly discusses the relationship between the spatial structure of urban public sports and the sports behavior of urban residents. The result shows that "publicness" is the fundamental property of urban public sports space, which has 3 characteristics of hierarchy, openness and gradual change. The layout of the urban public sports space should follow 6 principles including justification, high-efficiency, convenience, centricity, etc. Whether the spatial structure of urban public sports is reasonable or not affects the sports enthusiasm of urban residents. Planning and constructing urban public sports space which can guide and inspire the sports enthusiasm of urban residents is the important part of urban sports public services and it is also the important step of completing the national fitness program successfully. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-Faceted Rasch Analysis of Result of Skill Referees of Sport Events——Application of item response theory in sport filed HE Zhuang, et al 2014, 40 (3):  43-48.  Abstract ( 647 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 1347 )   Save This paper analyzes the results of Men's 10 meter platform diving at the London Olympic Games by using the method of Multi-Faceted Rasch Model. The results indicate that there are differences between the ranks of athletes' ability and the result of Olympic Games. The athletes' forms are unstable during competitions. The referees abide by the same judging standards but they are subject to inaccuracy in some grading levels. There is a certain gap between the difficulty degree and that of the Rasch analysis. The data from Rasch analysis can provide references for the selection of referees, rule amendment and athletes' preparation for competitions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rhythmic Gymnastics and Dance HONG Xiao-Ping 2014, 40 (3):  49-52.  Abstract ( 707 )   PDF (906KB) ( 1711 )   Save Among the sports events rising in the post-Olympic times characterized by the emphasis on difficulty and beauty, rhythmic gymnastics stands out as the sports event that is most closely combined with art in the integrated development of sports and art, which is demonstrated by the learning, borrowing and integration of musical rhyme and the exploration and practice of the combination of sports and art. What is more important is that it has created us an everlasting mind space, i.e. in the crazy worship and pursuit of vigorous and graceful body shape, graceful body posture, elegant temperament and dancing attainments, human beings will make their endless efforts in their exploration and pursuit of the combination of the beauty of life based sports attributes and that of the soul based on art attributes. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Exploration into the Artistic Development Trend of Rhythmic Gymnastics Choreographyin Individual Events under the New Rules Zhang Yang 2014, 40 (3):  53-55.  Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (1799KB) ( 1192 )   Save As a guiding document for the development of rhythmic gymnastics, the Code of Points in Rhythmic Gymnastics defines the difficulties of the entire exercise, makes the choreography more novel and gives direction for the artistic development of the sport. This paper analyzes the constitution of grading of the artistic sections under the new rules and explores the artistic development of the choreography of the entire exercise in rhythmic gymnastics' individual events from the perspectives of "basic choreography ", "music and movements", "the expressive force of the body" and "the unitization of space". Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors on Sport Performance and Key Skill Gap between Chinese and World-Class Female Beach Volleyball Players ZHANG Xiao-Dan, et al 2014, 40 (3):  56-59.  Abstract ( 689 )   PDF (973KB) ( 1494 )   Save Objective: the research is to investigate the factors of key morphology and key skill which affect sport performance of Chinese and foreign elite female beach volleyball players and to find the key skill gap between Chinese and world-class female beach volleyball players. Methods: Taking the examples of 24 pairs (totally 48 players) of female beach volleyball players of the 2012 London Olympic Games and by using the principal component analysis and Chi-square test, this paper discusses the factors of key morphology and key skill which affect sport performance of Chinese and foreign elite female beach volleyball players, the purpose of which is to find the key skill gap between Chinese and world-class female beach volleyball players. Results: (1) The contribution rate of age, height, body mass, defense success rate, blocking success rate, service scoring rate, attack success rate was 0.145、0.065、0.065、0.284、0.284、0.079、0.079, respectively. (2) The service scoring rate and the attack success rate of Chinese are higher than that of the USA, while the defense success rate of Chinese are lower than that of USA, yet no difference is found between these two teams(P>0.05). The blocking success rate of Chinese is statistically lower than that of the USA. Conclusions: (1) The factors of key morphology and key skill which affect the sport performance of Chinese and foreign elite female beach volleyball players include age, height, body mass, defense success rate, blocking success rate, service scoring rate and attack success rate. (2) The key skill gap between Chinese and American players is mainly reflected in their blocking success rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Annual Training Features of Chinese Triathletes WU Xiao-Bin , et al 2014, 40 (3):  60-64.  Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (1021KB) ( 1809 )   Save Triathlon development in China is now faced with the problems of low athletic level, few training units and players and insufficient concern low from society. Depending on tracking-recording, interviews, literature and data method, the paper analyzes the annual training plan of Chinese triathletes. The results show that (1)reasonable times for triathletes to participating in competitions are 5-8 times a year, 1-2 times a month is. Chinese triathletes should choose to take part in the intercontinental championship and the Intercontinental cup held in china.(2) The competition schedule dominated by season and the triathletes' abilities formation determines the annual training should mainly follow the monocyclic model.(3) Chinese triathletes should strengthen swimming and running training as a breakthrough point.(4) Their training volume is appropriate, but the intensity is high, so we should increase the proportion of aerobic training and accelerated training. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of the Second Exertion of Force in Sanda's Whip-Kick LIU Cun-Zhong 2014, 40 (3):  65-68.  Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (988KB) ( 1841 )   Save Three-dimensional analytical system is used to test the parameters of each joint of the supporting and attacking legs from the perspective of biomechanics. According to the "whip-leg "technique of Sanda, 9 value points are identified based on the end points of the five links and middle points of the whip-leg technique. Data analysis is adopted to dissect the second force exertion of the waist. Research results show that: 1) the supporting knee joints T3 to T3-4 are bigger than T3-4 to T4. The hip angle of T3 to T3 is smaller than T3-4 to T4; 2)The knee and hip joint T3-4 of the attacking leg is smaller than T3-4 to T4 while the hip axis and shoulder axis angle increase. These phenomena prove that just before the whip the trunk twists for a second time, i.e. the waist witnesses the second exertion of force. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Prospect of Athletes' Mental Health from the Perspective of Positive Psychology YANG Shu, ZHANG Zhong-Qiu 2014, 40 (3):  69-74.  Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (956KB) ( 1339 )   Save By reviewing the mental hygiene and the mental health criterion, the paper discussed the necessity of the combination of positive psychology and mental hygiene, and proposed the concepts of mental hygiene and mental health criterion of athletes. By summarizing the present research situation of athletes` mental hygiene, the paper, combined with the DFSMH, analyzed the limitations of traditional mental hygiene researches and the effects of positive psychology on mental hygiene. Finally, it listed some problems waiting o be solved in order to offer reference for sports psychology research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta Analysis on Effects of Physical Exercise on the Depressive Symptomsof College Students in China WANG Cong-Jiang 2014, 40 (3):  75-79.  Abstract ( 734 )   PDF (1214KB) ( 1695 )   Save Objective: the purpose of the paper is to investigate the effects of exercise intervention on depressive symptoms of college students in China by Meta analysis. Method: the method adopted is to formulate the inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria and the search strategy of research literatures and to collect all the relevant check experiments of physical exercise intervention on depressive symptoms of college students in China. The collected data are analyzed using Stata12.0. Results:(1)11 studies of 17 controlled group trials are ultimately included with the Jadad score of the included low-quality literature being 0-2 averagely. (2)Meta regression analysis indicates that physical exercise can significantly improve the mild depressive symptoms in Chinese college students, SMD (-1.47, p=0.000 < 0.05), 95%CI (-1.93, -1.02); Physical exercise can improve the students' moderate depression symptoms, SMD (-0.55, p=0.001 < 0.05), 95%CI (-0.86, -0.23). Publication bias analysis: mild depression t=-1.49 p=0.162 > 0.05, showing that the Meta analysis results are stable with high credibility; moderate depression t=0.18, p=0.028 < 0.05, showing that the Meta analysis result is not stable with low credibility. Conclusion: physical exercise intervention can effectively improve the mild and moderate symptoms of depression of college students, but it needs further studies as to whether physical exercise can completely cure depression. This research still needs to be confirmed through large samples and high quality randomized controlled trials because the research literatures included in this system are of low quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Different Training Levels on Basketball Players' Plantar Pressure SUN Jin-xian1, ZHANG Bin2 2014, 40 (3):  80-84.  Abstract ( 664 )   PDF (968KB) ( 1228 )   Save Depending on facilities of foot-scan plantar pressure, the paper researches the characteristics of plantar pressure of the basketbal1 players from Jiangsu team when they are walking so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of plantar pressure to basketball training and injury prevention. The research believes that (1) The maximum pressure and impulse sensitiveness reflect the differences in training levels in small forward and guard players; (2) The improvement of the distribution of inside and outside plantar pressure partly compensates the impact caused by the increase of the maximum pressure and impulse in the middle zone of the forefeet. Related Articles | Metrics

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Management Assessment System of "Excellent Performance" of Sports Venues in Universities SUN Er-juan , ZHONG Bing-shu 2014, 40 (3):  85-90.  Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (2404KB) ( 1668 )   Save With the main goal to improve management level of sports venues in colleges and universities, this paper adopts the methods of literature review, interview, questionnaire and factor analysis to research the management assessment system on "excellent performance" of sports venues in colleges and universities in China. Based on the analysis of the data of twenty-nine samples from six universities, the paper concludes that in the "excellent performance" management quality system should be constructed based on the philosophy of "customer satisfaction" with the process and results being equally emphasized. The excellent performance index evaluation system contains seven level-1 indexes including leadership, strategic plan, focus on students, measurement analysis and improvement, resources, process management, performance management, and nineteen level-2 indexes as well as sixty-one level-3 indexes. Related Articles | Metrics

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College PE Teaching under the Horizon of Expectation HE Bo, et al 2014, 40 (3):  91-95.  Abstract ( 646 )   PDF (915KB) ( 1366 )   Save Based on the theory of "Horizon of expectations" and the principle of "fusion of Horizons" in aesthetics, the paper explores college P.E. teaching from the angle of the horizon of expectation and then suggests the strategies to improve the teaching effects of college P.E. by regarding the content as the key, teaching methods as the basis, effect as the guarantee and atmosphere as the motivation. Related Articles | Metrics