Table of Content

15 March 2017, Volume 43 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

STUDIES ON SPORTS INDUSTRY

Select

Cost sharing under the perspective of our country sports funds bearing capacity forecasting and diversified sources of research LIU Liang, FU Zhihua, WANG Fei 2017, 43 (2):  1-6.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.001 Abstract ( 1523 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 1191 )   Save This paper reviewed the historical evolution of China’s sports funding sources, and analyzed the current situation of China’s sports funding sources from two levels: the fiscal and the non-fiscal sports funds. With reference to the changing trend of sports funding sources in developed countries, the transformation of China’s economic development, the New-type Urbanization Plan and sports potential capital demand forecast, the author analyzed the bearing capacity of current sports funding source structure and pointed out that the single capital source structure has been difficult to shoulder the responsibility of building the "health China" during the 13th 5-year plan period. Based on the analysis of sports capital cost sharing theory and realistic foundation, the author put forward suggestions on China’s sports funding sources from the following 3 aspects : (1) cultivating sports market and waking up "sleeping" funds; (2) promoting the reform of sports system, leveraging social capital power; (3) guiding the public sports consumption ideology, and broadening the sources of funds. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on the Linkage of Sports Industry and Culture Industry Stock Market Fluctuations in China ——The New Perspective Based on Band Decomposition Technique ZOU Lin,CHEN Po,CHEN Fanglin 2017, 43 (2):  7-13.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.002 Abstract ( 1455 )   PDF (1626KB) ( 1252 )   Save Using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method to make a frequency-band decomposition of the stock price index of China’s sports industry and cultural industry stock market and reconstruct the fluctuation components of different length cycles. On this basis, using thedynamic measurement methods of cointegration test, VAR model and Granger causality test to conduct empirical study on the linkage mechanism of the fluctuation components of the sports industry and cultural industry stock index in different cycles (short cycle fluctuation, medium cycle fluctuation and long-term trend). The results show that the linkage mechanism of sports industry and cultural industry stock market fluctuates to certain extent with the change of fluctuation component cycle length. The linkage of sports industry and cultural industry stock market is weak in a short period of time, but in the long term, the linkage is obvious. This paper provides from the perspective of frequency-band decomposition techniquenew evidence for the linkage mechanism of fluctuationcomponents between China’s sports industry and cultural industry stock market in different cycles. It provides certain reference value for China’s securities regulatory authorities and investors, and broadens views on sports industrial economics studies at home and abroad. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

An Empirical Study on the Embodiment Characteristics of Chinese Listed Sports Companies’ Social Responsibility YE Songzhong 2017, 43 (2):  14-19.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.003 Abstract ( 1247 )   PDF (1129KB) ( 1220 )   Save In order to explore whether Chinese listed sports companies’ performance of social responsibility is an embodiment of shareholders value weapon or a tool used by the management for interests, the present paper conducted a systematic analysis and test on the stock price crash risk caused by sports listed companies’ social responsibility from the perspective of asymmetric risk, while with reference to China’s A-share stock market environment and institutional background. The results show that: listed sports companies’ social responsibility and stock crash risk present a significant positive relationship. Listed companies’ performance of social responsibility worsens the stock price crash risk, and listed companies are faced with the crash effect of social responsibility; further grouped regression analysis found that the crash effect of listed sports companies’ social responsibility is only faced by those companies which were forced to disclose information or failed to acquire third-party information attestation. Conclusion: the embodiment characteristics of Chinese listed sports companies’ social responsibility is tool-oriented rather than value-oriented. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS HISTORY AND SPORTS CULTURE

Select

Research on Naismith’s Sports Thought ZHANG Fantao 2017, 43 (2):  20-24.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.004 Abstract ( 1544 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 1443 )   Save Naismith is a famous sports educator in American history, and world-renowned for being the basketball inventor. He developed a complete sports thought system through his career pursuit to combine physical education and mental education, and his spirit pursuit to combine service and dedication. Naismith’s thought of physical education comes from his childhood life experience, the infiltration of Christian thought, his experience of sports practice, the encouragement of excellent thoughts and the influence of social environment. Naismith believes that physical education is a process which should combine with the sports spirit, the aim of this process is to pursue fun rather than benefits; the ultimate goal of this process is to educate people and create a better life. His physical education thought is of great importance for us to reflect on modern sports violence, embodiment of modern sports spirit, strengthening of the educational and nurturing function of modern sports, and return of sports essence. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on the Development of American Women’sViews on Sports from the Evolution of Women’s Basketball Rules HUO Chuansong 2017, 43 (2):  25-29.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.005 Abstract ( 1443 )   PDF (1137KB) ( 1331 )   Save As one of the most important sports in the U.S., basketball plays an important role in the development of women’s sports. The paper, using the method of literature review and taking the evolution of women’s basketball rules as a clue, analyses the laws and direction of rule evolution, and further discusses women’s sports development background and social reasons that have promoted the evolution. It is concluded that the emergence of women’s basketball and the evolution of rules weredriven by both the feminist movement and the development of women’s views on sports. The development direction and evolution track arethe reflection and result of the change in women’s views on sports. Under the current background of American gendersportsdevelopment, the evolution of women’s basketball ruleswill be more influenced by its own law of evolution and the commercialization of sports. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Cultural Analysis of Western Sports Competition Performance LI Cuixia, ZHAO min,CHANG Naijun 2017, 43 (2):  30-36.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.006 Abstract ( 1390 )   PDF (1145KB) ( 1114 )   Save As an objective cultural system, western sports competition performance not only has its inherent logic of development, but also presents multiple interactions with the development of society and culture. From the ontological perspective of cultural development, the commercialization of sports competition performance and the evolution of large scale sports competition into show stage of comprehensive strength of national states jointly form the cultural roots of competition performance; Identity and equal participation are the primary cultural expressions of western sports competition performance; self-emancipation and heroic dream constitute the cultural stance of western sports competition performance; the competitive and transcendent spirit embodied in the “higher, faster, and stronger” ideology is the cultural attribute of western sports competition performance. Therefore, studies of western sports competition performance can promote the marketization and industrialization of sports competition in China, and is conducive to the integration of certain excellent sports competition events in China into the world sports competition system and further promote the development of sports undertakings in China. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

How Archery Became a Tao-Semiotic Study on Game Culture Mechanism ZHONG Zheng 2017, 43 (2):  37-41.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.007 Abstract ( 1294 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 1203 )   Save The word “Archery” has five independent but interrelated definitions: (1) a hunting tool or a weapon for war; (2) a shooting behavior for hunting or for attack in war; (3) a game or archery in sports competition; (4) the carrier of traditional etiquette education; (5) derivative recreational activities, such as Touhu (a traditional Chinese entertainment activity during feast in ancient times). In previous studies on archery, the five definitions have long been interwoven and difficult to be differentiated. The reason why archery has rich forms lies in its complex symbolic organizational pattern. Therefore, study on its symbol-meaning organizational pattern is the necessary path to the study of game-sport cultural mechanism. Or more appropriately, the semiotic study of game culture mechanism is the key to answer the question “how archery became a Tao”. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Discussion on Wushu’s Advancement in Contemporary Society LIU Wenwu 2017, 43 (2):  42-47.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.008 Abstract ( 1400 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 1306 )   Save Using the methods of literature review and historical analysis and taking the analysis of the “two degradation” events of Wushu in modern times as its basis, this present paper elaborated the historic opportunity brought to Wushu by the contemporary society, and discussed the strategies that Wushu should take. It was concluded that firstly, under the influence of “the eastward transmission of western science” since modern times, the development of Wushu has been restricted to the frame of “sports”. As a result, many of its cultural characteristics and traditional quintessence have been lost; secondly, in sports system Wushu has also failed to maintain its status of equal dialogue with western sports as it had been during the “ native vs foreign sports contention” period, becoming subordinate to the latter and increasingly being marginalized in the whole sports system. The rise of China in contemporary society and the importance attached to traditional culture by the state bring unprecedented opportunities to the “development and prosperity of Wushu”, and they will carry forward Wushu like “two wings”; Wushu should seize the historical opportunities to reflect on its own gains and losses, and extract and exploit its own unique advantages that are complementary to the western sports culture to contribute to the progress of human civilization in contemporary society. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Social Changes and Reconstruction of Athletes’ Life Order since the Reform and Opening-up Policy Tian Wenbo 2017, 43 (2):  48-53.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.009 Abstract ( 1279 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 1374 )   Save Using logic research method and literature research method, the paper analyses from the perspective of historical sociology the social changes and the reconstruction of athletes life order since the Reform and Opening up policy. The research suggests that: the reconstruction of athletes’ life order under the perspective of social changes is a process of dynamic change. Since the Reform and Opening up policy, social changes as an important presentation of social history process of China, promoted the break and reconstruction of athletes’ life order; while the break and reconstruction of athletes’ life order are the important parts and external presentation of social changes, and are the results of self adjustment of athletes as a particular group. The interaction between the changes of the group’s life order and other social changes promoted the adjustment of social system-related policies. The booming of self value has been the inner drive for the reconstruction of athletes’ life order since the Reform and Opening up policy; "social elite" and "disadvantaged group" are different social expressions of athletes’ life order reconstruction during this period. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Rational Review and Optimization of the Special Policy of “Using no More than Three Foreign Aids” in the CBA Tournament YAO Jian 2017, 43 (2):  54-59.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.010 Abstract ( 1483 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 1341 )   Save In order to carry out the state’s deployment of the strategy of “encouraging and supporting the development of certain brand sports events”, further improve the CBA tournament system, and promote the improvement of the overall level of Chinese and Asian competitive basketball, the present paper, using the methods of literature review, expert interviews, video observation and other methods, studied the policy of “using no more than three foreign aids in a team” in the CBA tournament, the findings show that: (1) the policy has underwent 3 stages from prohibition through appropriate use to reduction of use. (2) when Sichuan won the championship in the 2015-2016 season, the policy became a focus of questioning by public opinion, which includes: restriction of domestic players development; impacts on traditional strong teams and teams of middle level; once the teams lose the qualification of using foreign players, their performances will decline, which in turn support Chinese opponents in Asian competitions; (3) the policy is only a possible factor to promote the rankings of CBA teams; an important embodiment of the league professionalization; an important innovation to compensate the weakness of the rookie selection system at the present stage; helpful to the emergence of a number of star players; and conducive to the improvement of overall competitive level of basketball in Asia; an unnecessary approach to occupy the Asian market. (4) the reform of the policy should be conducted under the precondition that the relationship between competition fairness, internal players training, use of European and American players, the various needs of the clubs and foreign aids from Asia is well-coordinated. Research proposals: the policy should be applied to the regular season and the playoff respectively; adjusting the times of Asian foreign aids competing in courts; reforming the practice that teams turn to European and American aids when they give up the qualification of using Asian foreign aids; new teams should be treated differently; maintaining the number of teams using three foreign aids currently. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND COMPETITION

Select

The Origin of Kinematic Chain Theory and Its Enlightenment on Functional Training WANG Yinhui 2017, 43 (2):  60-66.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.011 Abstract ( 1414 )   PDF (1161KB) ( 1460 )   Save Based on the main features of human motion,the present paper analyzed the complexity of movement structure features and the characteristics of and requirements for the completion of action skills, and further explored the morphological structure of human motion chain system. It is found that the kinematic chain contains three basic forms: joint chain, muscle chain and nerve chain. The three forms are independent while mutually influential. The wave-like conduction in motion is the embodiment of the function of kinematic chain. The functional movement is the result of the continuity and integrity of kinematic chain. The dynamic and multidimensional embodiment of kinematic chain is the essential feature of functional training. Therefore,in functional training practice, focus should be put on the integrity of and coordination between the various systems of kinematic chain and attention be paid to the core function of human body's core area, thus the weak links can be strengthened and eliminated, and isolated and partial training can be avoided. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparative Study on the Two Training Models of "Plateau-Sub plateau-Plain" and "Plateau-Plain" of Middle and Long Distance Runners Living in Plateau JIANG Li,WANG Di,YIN Jin 2017, 43 (2):  67-71.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.012 Abstract ( 1799 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 1324 )   Save Objective: To explore the effect of "plateau-Sub plateau-plain" training mode on the aerobic ability and cardiopulmonary function of middle-and-long distance Tibetan runners who live in plateau for generations. Methods: 20 male middle distance Tibetan runners from Key amateur sports schools in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were randomly divided into two groups (10 in the experimental group and the rest 10 in the control group). The experimental group received a transitional training, i.e. "1 week training in plateau-2 weeks training in sub plateau-1 week training in plain", while the control group received a traditional plateau training, i.e. 3 weeks training in plateau and 1 week training in plain. After trainings, runners were arranged to take 12min running test in plateau (Kangding County, Sichuan Province), sub plateau (Luding County, Sichuan Province) and plain (Chengdu, Sichuan Province) respectively. Test indicators include the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), heart rate after exercise, blood oxygen saturation after exercise, blood lactic acid and urine protein after exercise. Physiological indicators including the serum level of CK-MB, EPO, HIF-alpha and serum testosterone and other indexes were tested when runners were in quiet state. Results: (1) All the above=mentioned indicators and 12min running scores of the two groups presented an upward trend from plateau to plain. There were significant differences in the indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). (2) After the "plateau-sub plateau-plain" transition training, the 12min running test and the VO max, post-exercise heart rate of the experimental group,as compared with the control group, increased significantly (P<0.05). The serum CK-MB, HIF- alpha and blood testosterone of the experimental group in quiet state increased markedly and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: As compared with the traditional training model, the plateau-subplateau-plain training model has a better promotional effect on improving the cardiopulmonary function of middle and long distance runners living in plateau and can help middle and long distance runners to adapt to the altitude loss in a faster and better way and help improve athletes’ exercise intensity and scores. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of Strategy Selection Game Matrix of Table Tennis Tactical Behavior YUE Haipeng 2017, 43 (2):  72-77.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.013 Abstract ( 1761 )   PDF (1327KB) ( 1487 )   Save Competitive sports require not only strong physical fitness and stable psychology, but also amount of tactical information. The tactical behavior strategy refers to tactically significant series of action or action combinations which have a certain tactical purpose; the construction of table tennis tactical game matrix is the necessary means to further quantitative analysis on athletes’ strategy choice. The study found that table tennis game, when examined from the perspective of one board attack, is not a zero-sum game, but a kind of variable-sum game; it establishes a strategy base set S of table tennis players’ tactical behavior selection, and constructs a tactical behavior strategy selection game matrix based on a sub game; the matrix is a foundation for further quantitative research and a good game model. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on the Characteristics of Top Table Tennis Players’Behavior Inhibition HOU Shuang, REN Jie, CHEN Yimeng, CHEN Bin, SHI Zhihao 2017, 43 (2):  78-82.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.014 Abstract ( 1302 )   PDF (1196KB) ( 1292 )   Save Objective: To explore the characteristics of behavior inhibition (BI) of top table tennis players, and to learn the relationship between table tennis experience and BI. Methods: We assessed the effect of table tennis experience by Go/No-go task in high-level group, medium-level group and low-level group; experimental materials relevant and irrelevant to experience were selected; in addition, in order to improve the ecological validity, we attempted to change the Go/No-go task's reactive mode from press short-distance keys to press long-distance keys. Results: 1) In the short-distance key press task, the reactions of high-level group in general cognitive tasks were obviously shorter than the others (P<0.01, P<0.001) and the same in experience tasks (P<0.01, P<0.001). There was no difference between medium-level group and low-level group (P=0.411, P=0.225). The error rate of high-level group in experience task was obviously less than low-level group (P<0.05); 2) In the long-distance key press task, the BI advantage of high-level group further expanded, and the react time of medium-level group was obviously less than the low-level group in the task relevant to experience (P<0.001). Conclusions: Compared with beginners, elite table tennis players have better BI, whose advantage was not only embodied in task relevant to experience, but also could be transferred to the general cognitive tasks. The secondary table tennis players only had the advantage of BI in tasks relevant to experience. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of Coach Bob Bowman’s Training Traits WU Xiaobin 2017, 43 (2):  83-88.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.015 Abstract ( 1269 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 1691 )   Save Objective: Using observation method, interview method, literature method to explore Bob Bowman’s training philosophy and the organizational characteristics of his training process. Results: (1) Coach’s training philosophy plays a guiding role in the whole training process, the training practice is to realize the training philosophy. In athlete selection, individual physical fitness and performance are not the only factors to be considered, will power is also an important factor. Team building is not confined to the realization of team spirit or organization, it should also be integrated into daily training and life. In swimming games, athletes’ competitive level can be more easily improved through reasonable arrangement of training time, use of scientific training methods, and adjusting to various competitive environments and emergencies. (2) The organizational characteristics of training process: in terms of training cycle arrangement, short-term training cycle with high load can help athletes to achieve better results in the middle of competitive season and the end of competitive season. The arrangement can better meet the challenge of increasing competitions. Weekly training arrangement forms two small cycles with Wednesday and Saturday as center respectively. Land training follows after water training so as to ensure the completion of water training intensity. Monitoring the development of athletes competitive ability with typical load. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SCIENCE OF HUMAN BODY

Select

High Frequency Sinusoidal Wave Vibration Inhibit Apoptosis of Disused Muscular Atrophy SHI Lei, WANG Yiming, HU Tinghua, FAN Xiaoli 2017, 43 (2):  89-94.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.016 Abstract ( 1188 )   PDF (1350KB) ( 1284 )   Save Objective: To investigate the antagonism of high-frequency sine-wave vibration (HFV) on the apoptosis of skeletal muscle in the disused state. Methods: The animal models were established and the key techniques of the vibration instrument were improved. The short-term intermittent vibration was used to observe the effects of HFV on soleus muscle (SOL) wet weight in the brains of SD rats. The ultrasonography, immunohistochemical staining TUNEL assay, the effect of HFV on the brake in rat soleus muscle (SOL) wet weight to body weight ratio, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, ultrastructural changes, Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Results 1) The body weight ratio of SOL was 30.22 ± 2.68, decreased by 36.43%. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber was 3789.56 ± 95.14μm2, which decreased by 37.77%. (P<0.05). (2) Electron microscopy showed that the extraocular muscle lesion was obvious after the brachytherapy, and chromatin agglutination in the nucleus was observed in the HFV group compared with the brachytherapy group. Skeletal muscle part of the dissolution of the sarcolemma, nuclear deformation. (P<0.05), the Z-line structure of the extra-oculi muscle in the vibration group was clear, and no obvious change was observed in the intrafusal muscle fiber structure.3) The expression of Bcl-2 in the SOL was significantly lower than that in the control group <0.05). The positive rate of Bax expression was 80% after brakes, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). AI after braking was 20%, significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 and the expression of Bax and AI in the HFV group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The modified dystrophy vibrator has strong operability, which can restrain the process of apoptosis of the brake muscular atrophy. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

An investigation report on blood pressure of college students of different nationalities in Kangding, Sichuan WANG Chun 2017, 43 (2):  95-100.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.017 Abstract ( 1332 )   PDF (1142KB) ( 1016 )   Save Objective: to analyze the effect of difference in gender, nationality, age, habit altitude, weight index, smoking, family history and the daily amount of salt intake on blood pressure level of specific groups of college students so as to investigate the correlation of blood pressure level of college students of different nationalities with these factors, learn the the relationship between blood pressure data of college students in the area and the incidence of high blood pressure, and provide evidence and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure. Methods: 518 college students from Sichuan University for Nationalitiesin Kangding County Guzan Town, GarzêPrefecture, Sichuan Province(with an average altitude of 1400 meters) as the research subjects. Questionnaire was used to survey the subjects’basic information, family history, living habits, and the subjects’sitting blood pressure was measured for three times on the same day. Results: the average systolic blood pressure of the 518 subjects was (120.68 + 9.50)mmHg, the average diastolic blood pressure (76.69 + 7.31)mmHg, and the mean arterial pressure (91.35 + 7.36)mmHg. 89 subjects contract high blood pressure, the incidence stood at 17.18%; difference in gender, nationality, age and smoking status caused significant difference in average systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and arterial pressure(P<0.01), difference in weight level and habit altitude caused difference in average systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and arterial pressure, which werestatistically significant (P<0.05), when daily salt intake amount was different, difference in average systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and arterial pressure was statistically insignificant (P>0.05); difference in gender, nationality, age and smoking status caused significant difference in incidence of high blood pressure (P<0.01), difference in weight level and habit elevation caused difference in incidence of high blood pressure, which wasstatistically significant (P<0.05), when daily salt intake amount and exercise habit were different, difference in incidence of high blood pressure was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, arterial pressure and incidence of high blood pressure in 518 young students were affected by gender, nationality, age, habit elevation and weight, but basically had no connection with daily salt intake amount. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Effects of Exhaustive Exercise and Contusion on Satellite Cells Activation and AXIN/GSK-3 β Contents in Rat Skeletal Muscle PAN Tongbin,YE Leilei,XIA Suwen,ZHU Chao,TONG Xinwei,WANG Yaru 2017, 43 (2):  101-106.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.018 Abstract ( 1037 )   PDF (1230KB) ( 855 )   Save Objective:To study the effects of exhaustive exercise and contusion on satellite cells activation and AXIN/GSK-3 β contents in ratskeletal muscle.Methods: 24 male SD rats (seven-week-old), were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 in each group: control group (Control, C); immediately-after-exhaustive-exercise group (Exhaustive, E0); post-exhaustive exercise 24h group (E24); post-exhaustive exercise 48h group (E48). Another 18 SD rats were taken and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 in each group: contusion immediate group (contusion, Do); post-contusion 24h group (D24); post-contusion 48h group (D48). All groups were killed respectively when at resting state and at different time points after exhaustive exercise and contusion respectively and the serum was extracted. The left quadriceps femoris was sampled and divided into two parts: one was used immediately for satellite cell culture experiment, and the other preserved in liquid nitrogen for measurement of AXIN and GSK-3β contents. The quadriceps femoris of another three neonatal rats were also takenfor satellite cell culture experiment. Results: (1) The results of culture in vitro showed that, by separating the rat muscle tissue of digestion, satellite cells with myogenic ability and high purity could be obtained in vitro. During the early stages of culture, a small amount of spindle satellite cells could be seen in the newborn rat the next day after culture, but the satellite cells of the other groups were growing slowly. On the third day and the fifth day, the spindle satellite cells of each group began to proliferate in quantity and reached the peaks. Then all the satellite cells had a good proliferation until 13th day after serial passage, and fusion and micro-tubuleswere observed in some of them. By comparing the results of each group, we concluded that the content of skeletal muscle satellite cell was lowest in control group,but highest in newborn rats. The proliferation rate was slowest in control group, but fastest in newborn rats.At the same time, the number and the proliferation rate of skeletal muscle satellite cells in contusion groups were significantly higher than that in the exhaustive exercise groups.(3) The results of Elisa showed that: The contents of AXIN, GSK-3β in skeletal muscle and serum of exhaustive groups and contusion groups, as compared with the control group, decreased significantly (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between exhaustive groups(E0、E24、E48)and contusion groups(D0、D24、D48). Conclusions: (1) Exhaustive exercise and contusion can activate the skeletal muscle satellite cells and cause them to proliferate and differentiate. The number of skeletal muscle satellite cells activated in contusion groups was significantly larger than that in exhaustive groups. It may be caused by stronger stimulus of contusion. (3) The contents of AXIN, GSK-3β can be downregulated by exhaustive exercise and contusion, and may play an important role inactivating Wnt/beta-catenin signachannels and repairingskeletal muscle injury. Related Articles | Metrics

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Select

Study on the Influence of High School Entrance Sports Examination System Reform on School P.E. ——Taking the “Qingdao Model” as an Example ZHOU Jiandong,YU Tao 2017, 43 (2):  107-112.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.019 Abstract ( 1237 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 866 )   Save Qingdao is among the first batch of cities to carry out high school entrance sports pilot test in China. After 8 years of reform, it has gradually formed a relatively stable “Qingdao Model”. The study shows that: the physical examination system reform in Qingdao is mainly centered around 4 aspects: test score, test items, test method and the system for special students. The reform has produced certain negative influence on school sports concepts, sports teachers’ teaching contents and students’ consciousness of physical exercise. The author suggests that high school entrance sports reform be deepened through correcting test atmosphere, adopting multiple evaluation mechanism, and promoting the separation of physical education from the entrance examination system. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Correlation Study on Participation Factors of Leisure Sports of Middle School Students of Different Genders CHEN Jin’ao,YIN Rongbin,LIU Jiahong,CHEN Peiyou 2017, 43 (2):  113-119.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.020 Abstract ( 1215 )   PDF (1274KB) ( 1090 )   Save Objective: To explore the gender effects on middle school students’ psychological demand, participation motivation, exercise satisfaction and sense of happiness, and test the correlation of all factors through structural relationship model fitting. Results:(1) The difference in psychological needs, self-determination motivation and exercise satisfaction between middle school students of different genders is significant; (2)The structural relationship model fitting is at an acceptable level, and suitable for samples of different genders; (3)Middle school students’ psychological needs are in positive correlation with intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, and in negative correlation with non-motivation; (4)Intrinsic motivation is positively correlated to exercise satisfaction, and has no correlation with extrinsic motivation and non-motivation; (5)Middle school students’ exercise satisfaction is positively correlated to sense of happiness. Among them, relaxed satisfaction is in closest correlation with sense of happiness, the next two are psychological and social satisfaction, physiological satisfaction is least correlated, while education and aesthetic satisfaction have no correlation with sense of happiness. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Body Image and Social Physique Anxiety on Motor Behavior in Freshman University Students HU Huifang 2017, 43 (2):  120-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2017.02.021 Abstract ( 1071 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 1138 )   Save Using such scales as multidimensional self-body image, social physique anxiety, physical self-concept, and motor behavior to survey 1 200 university freshmen and make correlation and multivariate regression analysis of relevant indicators so as to reveal the relation between contemporary college students’ body image, social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and their behavior. The results indicate that there is no gender difference in appearance assessment, appearance orientation, social physique anxiety, body satisfaction and physical self-concept, however, females have higher scores in body obesity than males. Gender and appearance assessment have weaker influence on motor behavior, but appearance assessment, body obesity and social physique anxiety have strong explanatory power to body satisfaction and physical self-conception. Related Articles | Metrics