Table of Content

20 November 2014, Volume 40 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

MONOGRAPHIC RESEARCH:SPORTS GOVERNANCE

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Predicament and Path of the Development of China’s Sport TV Media——From the Perspective of Sport Media Rights AN Fu-Xiu, et al 2014, 40 (11):  1-6.  Abstract ( 2846 )   PDF (1229KB) ( 4280 )   Save China’s sports TV media is faced with the omni media of transmission with diversified channels, platform production of contents and the interaction between media and the public. Under the converging attack of the new media such as mobile phones, mobile TV and the price rising of sports copyrights, the unprecedented predicament has appeared, among which copyright has become the key to break through the dilemma. The paper, based on the analysis of the present situation of China’s sports media, explains the reasons for the unreasonable transaction of TV sports copyright, suggesting the development path of China’s sports TV media from both micro and macro levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Transformation of China’s Sport Order JIA Wen-Tong 2014, 40 (11):  7-11.  Abstract ( 1476 )   PDF (972KB) ( 2316 )   Save Depending on order theories, this paper researches the transformation of sport order, with the results showing that China’s sport order is divided into ethic order and legal order. China’s sports order is now transforming from ethic order to legal order because of the split of ethic order, with the legalization of sport morality as the main path. Under this path we should pay attention to sport autonomy and individual order, set up hierarchical order on the basis of multi-element. Last but not least, sport ethnic order still plays its role in the process of the transformation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Social Law Attributes in Sports Law——Interpretation of the Sports Law Essence Based on Elements of Philosophy of Right by Hegel HU Xu-Zhong, TANG Wei-Dong 2014, 40 (11):  12-15.  Abstract ( 1626 )   PDF (958KB) ( 2182 )   Save Sports law doesn’t come into being with the sports code because it does exist. The interpretation of the essential attributes of sports law constitutes the premise and foundation of the research of sports law. The sociality of sports lays the social foundation of Sports Law. After positioning the features of social law based on the adjustment object, standard concept, interest and fairness of social law, the paper uses the civil society theory in Hegel's philosophy to prove the social attributes of sports law. Related Articles | Metrics

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Government’s Cultivation of Sports Associations——A Survey of Guangdong ZHANG Hong 2014, 40 (11):  16-21.  Abstract ( 1370 )   PDF (986KB) ( 1953 )   Save Sports bureaus and associations in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen of Guangdong Province are used as the research objects to analyze the government’s cultivation contents and methods of sports associations from the angle of standardization. The research believes that the priority of the government’s macro-management of sports organizations is to cultivate and support sport organizations in order to promote their development. The problems and difficulties encountered by such associations can serve as the evidence on which the cultivating contents are based. Government’s cultivation of such associations should be carried out from the following five aspects: fund, venues and facilities, HR, policies and regulations, and powers and functions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Holistic Governance: Development Path of China’s Nonprofit Sports Organizations LV Xun-Jin ,YANG Yi-Kun 2014, 40 (11):  22-26.  Abstract ( 1593 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 1937 )   Save Depending on the holistic governance theory as the foundation, the paper, by combining the actual development of China's nonprofit sports organizations, analyzes the inspiration of holistic governance to the development of nonprofit sports organizations. The paper thus comes up with the overall development path and the guarantee mechanism for such organizations in the context of the transformation of government functions. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SOCIAL SCIENCE

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National Boundary Problems in Athletes’ Transnational Movement:Honor Outsourcing VS National Sentiment HUANG Lu 2014, 40 (11):  27-33.  Abstract ( 1672 )   PDF (1011KB) ( 2562 )   Save Human resource outsourcing, with global recruitment of foreign players in the Five European Football Leagues as a marked sign, helps the development of local sports business and demonstrates more cultural representation at the level the subjectivity of human being. Honor outsourcing, which exists along with transnational movement of athletes, has aroused wide-spread controversies, among which national sentiment plays an important role. It depends on the functions of conscious national boundary initiative. Specifically speaking, it is a nation, or an organization, or a group, even a person’s understandings towards the tendency and the background that makes the differences. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultural Predicament and Conceptual Transition of the International Spread of Chinese Martial Arts CAI Yue-Fei 2014, 40 (11):  34-38.  Abstract ( 1748 )   PDF (972KB) ( 2344 )   Save The Global Survey Report of China's National Image of 2013 shows that the Chinese Martial Arts best represents the Chinese Culture.The special phenomenon leads to a series of rethinking of the cause of the international dissemination of Chinese martial arts of rethinking. The cultural misreading and identity crisis constitute the main obstacle that prevents Chinese Martial Arts’ international dissemination. Therefore, the dissemination concept should be changed by promoting the country’s cultural soft power, constructing the country’s international image on the one hand. On the other hand, Chinese marital arts should adhere to its stance of national culture, take advantage of the typical characters and important symbols so as to explore the new path for its international dissemination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Social Support Environment of Young Children’s Physical Health in China MENG Ya-Zheng, WANG Xu-Guang 2014, 40 (11):  39-42.  Abstract ( 1698 )   PDF (977KB) ( 1964 )   Save The recent years have witnessed the physical health problems of teenage children in China. The government has taken a variety of measures to curb the problems. But the fundamental change of the situation is still faced with great challenges because of multiple social environmental factors. On the basis of the theory of health promotion of the ecological system, this study, based on the related researches at home and abroad, analyzes the social environment factors influencing young children’s physical health of in China and suggests some measure to combat the concerning problems. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influences of Sports Participation on Individual Social Capital and Physical Health in “5·12” Post-disaster Reconstruction TIAN En-Qing, et al 2014, 40 (11):  43-49.  Abstract ( 1336 )   PDF (1174KB) ( 1888 )   Save From the perspective of social network analysis, this paper studies the relationships between the sports participation, individual social capital and physical health of villagers in the process of reconstruction after Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. The results indicate that the people who take part in the sports activities have a higher individual social capital and health level than those who do not. Through regression analysis demonstrate that sports participation can significantly improve the villagers' individual social capital and physical health level. This paper further researches their mechanism. While there are some deficiencies in this study, we have empirically explored the topics about social capital in the field of sociology of sport with network ideas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Dimensions of Sports Fans’ Identities FENG Rui 2014, 40 (11):  50-55.  Abstract ( 1923 )   PDF (997KB) ( 2343 )   Save Sports fans are important part of sports events. Deferent dimensions of sports fans’ identities could possibly be presented. According to degrees of identities, differentiates strong identities and weak identities. By contrast between tendencies and identities, forward, opposite directional and zero degree identities could be identified. Through concepts of degree of identities, unitary, multivariate and parallel identities could be divided. Differentiating dimensions of sports fans’ identities, is the fundamental of further studies against fandom. The research demonstrates what the further studies toward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Habitus and Field: Cultural and Sociological Reflection of China’s Football Dilemma ZHAI Guang-Yong, LI Tian-Zhen 2014, 40 (11):  56-60.  Abstract ( 1848 )   PDF (975KB) ( 2398 )   Save On the basis of Bourdieu's theory of practice framework, this paper tries to explore the profound reason of China’s football dilemma from the perspective of cultural sociology. The result suggests that the problem of Chinese football is created not only by the ambiguous definition of rights and obligations and the improper handling of relationship within its own field, but also by some other factors, such as the habitus of Chinese traditional culture, the influence of other social field and the relative limitations of the "capital" of Chinese football or even sports itself, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND COMPETITION

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Research on the Selection and Arrangement of Difficult Movements Floor Exercise Routine Based on the 2013 Version of FIG New Rules ZHENG Xiang-Ping 2014, 40 (11):  61-67.  Abstract ( 1573 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 2016 )   Save Depending on the research methods of literature review and videotape observation, the paper conducts statistics and analyzes the action types, difficult movements, connection-string, arrangement characteristics of the world elite gymnasts’ floor exercise routine in London Olympics. The research results show that the selection series of difficult movements in floor exercise include: salto fwd.str.with 3/2 t., salto fwd.str.with 2/1 t., salto bwd.str. with 5/2 t., salto bwd.str.with 3/1 t. Bwd jump with 1/2t.t and dbl. salto fwd.t. are the backbone of difficult movements. The dominant difficulty action include salto fwd.str.with 5/2 t., double salto fwd.piked, double salto bwd. tucked with 2/1t. and Thomas stretched. The quality difficult movements include double salto fwd.stretched, salto bwd.str.with 4/1 t. and double salto bwd.tucked with 3/1t. The "return" string of "C+D or D+C" is the mainstream of the difficult connection, and the direct connection between salto forward twist and salto backward twist is the dominant connection; the acrobatic elements backwards superiority pattern and the acrobatic elements forward superiority pattern are the mainstream arrangement patterns while the "mixed mode" still has some room for development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasons and Countermeasures of the Characteristic Injuries of the Lead Players of National Men's Volleyball Team YU Jian, WANG Tai-Lin 2014, 40 (11):  68-73.  Abstract ( 1654 )   PDF (1107KB) ( 1829 )   Save Scientific training system that can reduce athletes injuries is one of the key factors to ensure the competitive performance. The paper adopts literature material and mathematical statistics to analyze and explore the reasons for Chinese men's volleyball players’ characteristic injuries. The results show that the players’ characteristic of injuries are related to the training position and training load, the Chinese men's volleyball training and cyclical factors are closely related. Therefore the existing volleyball training system should gradually achieve the organic balance of the technical training and physical training, increase functional training in order to prevent and reduce the fatigue injuries and acute injuries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality Evaluation Index System of the Training Sessions Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process DU Geng, YU Yin 2014, 40 (11):  74-78.  Abstract ( 1765 )   PDF (1215KB) ( 1970 )   Save The training course is the smallest unit of the sports training process, the quality of training courses will directly affect the overall implementation of the sports training process goals. This paper establishes the weight of all levels of indicators systematically based on the structure of a quality evaluation index system of the training sessions based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), with the main five-level indicators including the training effect, the training process, the training load, pre-class preparation, training attitude, which cover 17 secondary indicators. It has been proved that the structure of quality evaluation index system of the training sessions has a higher principal reliability and internal consistency through consistency test. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Long-Term Heavy Load Exercise on the Spatial Learningand Memorizing Abilities and NCAM in Rats’ Hippocampus YUAN Qiong-Jia, et al 2014, 40 (11):  79-83.  Abstract ( 1854 )   PDF (984KB) ( 2183 )   Save Objective: The purpose is to investigate the effect of long-term heavy load swimming exercise on the spatial learning and memorizing abilities and the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) in hippocampus of SD rats. Methods: 40 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows(n=10 in each group): control group(C), control group and Morris maze(CM), and both were conventionally bred without intervening; 7 weeks of moderate swimming exercise were given to heavy load exercise group(HL) and Morris maze group (HLM). After 7 weeks, the brain of the C and HL group’s rats were taken out to test the mRNA and protein of NCAM through real-time PCR and Western Blotting. The navigation and space exploration ability of CM and HLM were tested through Morris water maze. Results:1.In the period of swimming, the weight of HL group rats was significantly lower than that of C group at 5, 6 and 7 weekends(p<0.01); the weight of HLM group rats was significantly lower than that of CM group at 4, 5, 6 and 7 weekends (P < 0.05,P < 0.01).2.After Morris maze training, the early 3 days evasion incubation period of the two groups and the last 5 days ability of learning and memory had a significantly difference(p<0.01). The average escape latency of CM group from 2 to 10 days was significantly lower than the first day (p<0.01), and it became significantly lower from 3rd to 10th days than the second day(p<0.05,p<0.01); the average escape latency of HLM group from the 2nd to 10th days was significantly lower than the first day(p<0.01),and it was significantly lower from 4th to 10th days than the second day(p<0.05,p<0.01). After Morris maze training, the average traversing times of HLM group were more than those in CM group (p>0.05). 3. The expression of NCAM gene and protein of the HL group rats were significantly more active than the C group rats(P<0.05).Conclusion: Although 7-weeks of long-term heavy load exercise can shorten the evasion incubation period of locating swimming and enhance the passing frequency of spatial exploring of rats, within the increase of load and the accumulation of fatigue, the rats behaved more unstably and it will affect the formation of learning and memory in rats; long-term heavy load exercise is conducive to the promotion of NCAM expression in rats hippocampus, which shows that the mechanism may be associated with the repairmen of injured nerves. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Flexibility Test Methods in Chinese Students YIN Xiao-Jian, et al 2014, 40 (11):  84-89.  Abstract ( 2536 )   PDF (1689KB) ( 2892 )   Save By comparing and analyzing a variety of flexibility testing methods in the world, the paper, considering that the sitting and reaching testing method in China is greatly impacted by the upper and lower extremities, suggests some measures to reform China’s flexibility testing methods in terms of safety, accuracy, simplicity and economicalness. The research shows that: (1) Modified sitting and reaching testing methods have eliminated the effect of the upper and lower limbs and torso length, thus reflecting students’ flexibility more reasonably. (2) In back saver sitting and reaching test, Lumbosacral joint, lumbar intervertebral dis bear little pressure, therefore reducing the impact on Ligament around vertebrae, spine and lower back functional activity, which is a safe, economical, simple flexibility evaluation method. (3) Trunk tension tests are different from sitting and reaching test and can test and evaluate students’ flexibility together with sitting and reaching test in some more professional tests . Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances in the Prevention of Athletes’ Reinjures Anterior Cruciate Ligament Lou Hua 2014, 40 (11):  90-94.  Abstract ( 1458 )   PDF (997KB) ( 2354 )   Save The article aims at elaborating advances in reinjures prevention of athletes underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and seeks reliable theoretical basis for athletes to return the arena. It reviews the latest evidences of related risk factors of ipsilateral reinjures and contralateral injury of knee joint of athletes underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It comes up with that evidence based medicine should be applied to guide postoperative rehabilitation and training of returning sports. It concludes that problems such as insufficient neuro-muscular control in surgeries and current rehabilitation training standards should be solved with greater efforts to propose individual intervention measures to help athletes to return sports. Related Articles | Metrics