Abstract: Adolescent physical fitness and health policies are documents, laws, and regulations of universal binding force issued by the government to promote adolescent physical fitness and health, and are the foundation of and working guidance for adolescent physical fitness and health governance. The article divides the evolution of adolescent physical fitness and health policies into school-society collaboration period (1949-1965), when focus was put on reducing the burden and pressure; labor substitution and policy construction stagnation period (1966-1977); school-oriented, policy and regulation system gradual improvement period (1978-1998); period of policy coordination in multiple fields with sports at the core (1999-2011); and government-oriented, whole society participation period (2012-present). The evolution of adolescent physical fitness and health policy reflects the increase of governance content along with the change of physical health risk; the change of governance concept from passive prevention and treatment to active management; the change of result application from honor assessment to employment development. Suggestions for optimization include: deepening governance system reform, improving policy content system, making up for the shortcomings of nutrition promotion, constructing an atmosphere of social participation in governance, and consolidating performance evaluation and accountability mechanisms.

Key words: adolescents, physical fitness and health, public policy, school sports, physical fitness governance