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15 January 2023, Volume 49 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Value Orientation in the Research on Fundamental Theories of Sports in China in the Era of Thought Change LIU Qing, SUN Shuhui, ZHANG Xiaolin, JI Yu 2023, 49 (1):  16-23.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.002 Abstract ( 1081 )   PDF (547KB) ( 759 )   Save This paper analyses the significance of returning to and attaching importance to the research on fundamental theories of sports in the era of thought change. It is suggested that the return to and the stress on the research on fundamental theories of sports should be strengthened in terms of their essence, origins, and principles, and the “critical thinking” and “circle-breaking” ability in the research on fundamental theories of sports should be promoted through “thought change”. At the same time, the “macro-historical outlook” and “macro-sports outlook” provide new concepts and value guidance for the research on fundamental theories of sports. On this basis, the paper proposes the basis for improving the research on fundamental theories of sports in China from the ontological, epistemological, and methodological dimensions, namely, firstly, to clarify the ontological issues on fundamental theories of sports by correcting their origins, secondly, to clarify the epistemological issues on fundamental theories of sports by adhering to a truthful and pragmatic scientific research attitude, and finally, to clarify the methodological issues on fundamental theories of sports through academic debate, questioning and criticism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Take Sports Research as an Example SHI Yan 2023, 49 (1):  24-28.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.003 Abstract ( 2785 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 1072 )   Save One of the important features of scientific research is to make scientific explanations, and researchers need to choose appropriate methods to carry out deductive or inductive work in relation to their research problems and purposes. Qualitative research and quantitative research are two major research methods, and they take different approaches in terms of methodological orientation and research practice. This paper examines the difference between qualitative and quantitative research from four aspects: philosophical stance, applicability, research strategies and procedures, and quality evaluation criteria. In terms of research hypotheses, samples, and collection and analysis of data, qualitative and quantitative research are different from each other to certain degree. Quantitative research can be evaluated by procedural norms and outcomes, while qualitative research is mainly evaluated by procedural norms. Although qualitative and quantitative research are different from each other, their combined use will become a tendency as sports research continues to evolve in both details and depth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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From “What is Sport” to “What is Philosophy of Sport”——An Inquire from “Whether E-Sports is a Sport” GAO Qiang, XU Fan, WANG Wei, JI LIU 2023, 49 (1):  29-37.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.05.00 Abstract ( 762 )   PDF (1229KB) ( 694 )   Save The controversy of “whether E-Sports is a sport” is not only a debate on the conceptual level of sport, but also involves how to regulate human thinking mode about sport at the philosophical level. The originality of Chinese traditional Taoist thought and existentialism theory turns the concept debate in philosophy of sport to the thinking of the scientific legitimacy of philosophy of sport, and specifically shows the discussion of “how philosophy of sport can be possible”. On the one hand, it forms the discussion of “how can the combination of sport and philosophy be possible”, which leads to the criticism and turn of the thinking mode of philosophy of sport; On the other hand, it forms the discussion of “how to combine sport and philosophy”, which leads to the analysis and development of the internal dialectical logic and historical logic of the thinking mode of philosophy of sport. The reconstruction of the thinking mode, has solved the question of “whether E-Sports is a sport” and promoted the thinking mode of philosophy of sport from “thinking about sport” to “thinking in sport”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Is E-Sports a Sport? Explanation and Solution Based on "Ontological Commitments" ZHANG Zhen 2023, 49 (1):  38-44.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.005 Abstract ( 1150 )   PDF (1280KB) ( 772 )   Save Using the methods of documents and philosophical hermeneutics, based on a reflection on the "essentialist" paradigm-caused ontological fallacy underlying whether e-Sports is sport, this papers explores and explains the thought of ontological termination, and the puzzles of "family resemblance" and "hermeneutic cycle" in defining e-sports, and proposes a "ontological commitments" model. The model fuses the family resemblances of sport concept clusters into ontological denominators and takes them as a starting point to build a logical-empirical bridge between experience and logic. Based on this, the paper further explores the technical support needed to achieve the complete fusion of ontological commitments in e-Sports, and suggests that: under the technology and logic of virtual reality-metaverse, the "game-me-body-think-being" pattern is not only a sport that does not need additional ontological commitments, but also a higher-order sport of new form which integrates "virtuality-reality-physical strength-skill", and can promote a real change in the ontological sense. This will reverse the original ontological commitments model of sport, and shift our discussion from whether e-Sports is sport to whether a sport belongs to any particular eSports. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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"Is E-sports a Sport?": Criticism of Logical Analysis and Thinking Mode Based on "Historical Consciousness" ZHOU Le 2023, 49 (1):  45-50.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.006 Abstract ( 865 )   PDF (1174KB) ( 765 )   Save Taking the "historical consciousness" of human thinking mode in a broad sense as a clue, this paper analyzes the encounter and collision between E-sports and sport, and discusses the contradiction and commonality between E-sports and sport from the perspectives of "body" consciousness, "education" value and "game" attribute. Then it further reflects on the dilemma facing the traditional thinking mode of philosophy of sport, tries to reconstruct the thinking mode of philosophy of sport from the perspective of "historical consciousness", thus opening up a broader vision for the development of philosophy of sport. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Cooperation Hierarchy and Optimization Path of Sports Tourism in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from the Perspective of Dual Circulation TIAN Jianqiang, LI Jiang, ZHANG Xiaoglin 2023, 49 (1):  51-57.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.007 Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (1687KB) ( 807 )   Save The new dual-circulation development pattern is a new strategic choice made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China based on the new stage of China's economic development. It seeks to spur the high-quality economic and social development in China by tackling the current domestic economic development contradictions and the new changes in external environment. Based on the dual-circulation logic behind the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, this paper makes an in-depth study into the cooperation hierarchy and optimization path of sports tourism in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle from the perspective of regional sports tourism cooperation. The study argues that the cooperation hierarchy of sports tourism in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle is composed of three levels: resource allocation level, basic unit level, and brand building level, and the three levels are progressive. The study proposes four optimization paths: co-construction and sharing: government, enterprises and social organizations cooperate in a three-in-one mode to spur the internal circulation; core brand building: relying on unique resources to jointly promote sports tourism routes to form the external circulation industry foundation for domestic and foreign markets; system opening: from "points" to "circle", strengthen the interaction between internal and external circulation; upgrading through technology: promote the sharing of sports tourism big data and improve the internal circulation efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Spatial Aggregation and Collaborative Inheritance of Sports Intangible Cultural Heritages in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle HE Tao, YANG Lifang 2023, 49 (1):  58-65.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.008 Abstract ( 707 )   PDF (1630KB) ( 787 )   Save Using the methods of geographic centralization, K-nearest neighbor, kernel density estimation and buffer analysis, this paper analyzes the geospatial distribution of sports intangible cultural heritages in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. The findings show that sports intangible cultural heritages in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle have formed the highest kernel density value gathering circle in the central city of Chongqing, the higher kernel density value region in Rongchang, and the moderate kernel density value region in Chengdu, Leshan, Guang’an, Yibin, Wanzhou and Qianjiang. The Spatial aggregation is concentrated and is of the agglomeration type. The main category of sports intangible cultural heritage is martial arts, followed by folk games and ethnic forms of athletics, and the number of ethnic forms is the least. The paper further analyzes by means of geographical detectors the influencing factors, finding that the influencing factors are mainly concentrated in rivers and elevated areas, traditional villages and cultural scenic spots, transportation and population density areas which are associated with social development level. Based on the analysis results and the principle of overall layout and coordinated construction, the paper proposes the paths to realize the inheritance of sports intangible cultural heritages, which include: constructing intangible cultural heritage corridors along rivers systems, building sports intangible cultural heritage resorts and accurately locating the role of cities with different development levels in the collaborative inheritance of sports intangible cultural heritages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reality and Prospect of Sports All-media Communication: A Perspective of Media Availability WANG Dehui, JIANG Xiaohong, ZHANG Desheng 2023, 49 (1):  66-73.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.009 Abstract ( 934 )   PDF (1197KB) ( 651 )   Save Media availability is an important engine of sports all-media dissemination, and all activities of sports all-media dissemination are based on media availability. At the new stage of promoting media integration, the construction of sports all-media is a process of iterative update of media availability. Interpreting the reality and future development of sports all-media construction in China from the perspective of media affordability will not only help to understand the actual process of sports all-media construction, but also discover the problems in sports all-media construction. To improve media availability, we need to build a solid foundation for the reconstruction of sports all-media production chain, create a "cloud" world, activate the main growth space for future sports all-media communication, eliminate boundary barriers, and optimize the strategy for the future framework of sports all-media communication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Image Presentation of Female Athletes in Network Media Report of Winter Olympic Games WANG Mingfeng, LI Fang, JIN Qiulong 2023, 49 (1):  74-80.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.010 Abstract ( 1092 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 615 )   Save By using the methods of text analysis, word frequency analysis and cluster analysis, this paper selects the reports of the four major portal websites' coverage of the Winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang and Beijing as the research samples to analyze the image presentation characteristics of female athletes in the Winter Olympic Games and its influencing factors. From the three dimensions of visual presentation, cluster presentation and topic presentation, it is found that the image presentation of female athletes has the following three new features: with visual narration being a new choice for image presentation, and sportsmanship being a new label for image presentation, female athletes are presented from diverse perspectives as: the image of "new woman heroes" who persevere and dare to break through themselves; the image of "family members" who should the multiple roles of gentle, filial and virtuous wives and mothers; the image of "social models" in the new era who are positive and sunny; and the image of "pan-entertainment" net celebrities who lack individuality and have a fixed model. The factors influencing the image presentation of female athletes in the Winter Olympic Games include: "political symbol" and "body landscape" constructed by gender culture; "commodity symbol" and "value deviation" characterized by consumerism; "stereotype" and "role deviation" mapped by news framework. Enlightenment from the new media practice of presenting female image in large scale sports events: strengthening proliferation of female athletes' role models and demonstration effects to create a favorable public opinion environment inside and outside the Winter Olympics; eliminating the symbolized media image deviation to shape female athletes' images in an objective and diversified way; constructing online agendas to guide public agendas and eliminate stereotypes and image deviation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mini Basketball Development in Leading European Basketball Countries: Experience and Enlightenment LIU Yongfeng, LIU Lianhong, YAN Haoming, HUANG Yi, WANG Zhen, WANG Xingyu 2023, 49 (1):  81-87.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.011 Abstract ( 1099 )   PDF (1494KB) ( 674 )   Save Vigorously promoting the mini basketball games and comprehensively launching the mini basketball development plan have become one of the important measures for the comprehensive reform of China's basketball industry in the new era. Using the methods of literature review, field interview and survey, and logical analysis, this paper systematically examines and analyzes the mini basketball games in Spain and Serbia in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of mini basketball games in China. The results show that the leading position of national basketball association and local basketball association in Spain and Serbia is different in the development of mini basketball games; strong mass basis, active participation of social forces, interesting teaching design, complete training system of reserve talents, sound rules of mini basketball and on-the-job training system of coaches constitute a strong support for the development of these two leading basketball nations. On this basis, this paper discusses their inspiration and reference for the development of mini basketball games in China from the aspects of top-level design, coach training system, reserve talent echelon construction, and course content system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Trend of Strength Training: From Physiological Control and Group Variation to Fine Regulation LIANG Meifu, WANG Xiong, ZHAO Kewei, ZHU Xueqiang, ZHAO Ningning, ZHOU Ruihang, SUN Junzhi 2023, 49 (1):  88-96.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.012 Abstract ( 1125 )   PDF (1656KB) ( 724 )   Save The international research on strength training methods has shown a trend of rapid development in recent years, which promotes the continuous innovation of modern strength training methods. Using pre-stimulation to induce acute enhancement of skeletal muscle strength, limiting blood flow, improving training efficiency, changing strength training structure, improving single action quality and total training volume, allocating optimal load to maximize output power and achieve fine regulation of strength training process are the hotspots and breakthrough points of modern strength training. This paper systematically analyzes the new ideas and methods of strength trainingintroduced, popularized and applied during athletes’ preparation for the Tokyo Olympic Games and the Beijing Winter Olympic Games to figure out the development trend of modern strength training from physiological control, group variation to fine regulation, hoping to highlight the research hotspots, so as to help Chinese athletes prepare for the Paris Olympic Games. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integration of Sports and Medicine: Connotation, Path and Guarantee Mechanism MA Guodong, LIU Yanhuan, GAO Bo, WANG Zhantao 2023, 49 (1):  97-103.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.013 Abstract ( 1832 )   PDF (1185KB) ( 659 )   Save Integration of sports and medicine is an effective way to realize China's national health strategy. Based on a definition to the integration of sports and medicine, this paper points out that to promote the integration of sports and medicine in terms of path selection, it is necessary to clarify the needs for the integration of sports and medicine, promote precise supply, solve cognitive obstacles, remove stumbling blocks of system mechanism, realize the integration of discourse, technology and resources, and medicine and create series projects to practice the integration of sports and medicine by giving play to the advantage of national fitness. To realize the path of integrating sports and medicine, it is necessary to construct institution and mechanism, realize multi-agent collaborative innovation and expand financing channels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evolution, Logical Transformation and Optimization Orientation of Adolescent Physical Fitness and Health Policy in P. R. China HUAN Changdian, YANG Tao 2023, 49 (1):  104-110.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.014 Abstract ( 1146 )   PDF (1188KB) ( 818 )   Save Adolescent physical fitness and health policies are documents, laws, and regulations of universal binding force issued by the government to promote adolescent physical fitness and health, and are the foundation of and working guidance for adolescent physical fitness and health governance. The article divides the evolution of adolescent physical fitness and health policies into school-society collaboration period (1949-1965), when focus was put on reducing the burden and pressure; labor substitution and policy construction stagnation period (1966-1977); school-oriented, policy and regulation system gradual improvement period (1978-1998); period of policy coordination in multiple fields with sports at the core (1999-2011); and government-oriented, whole society participation period (2012-present). The evolution of adolescent physical fitness and health policy reflects the increase of governance content along with the change of physical health risk; the change of governance concept from passive prevention and treatment to active management; the change of result application from honor assessment to employment development. Suggestions for optimization include: deepening governance system reform, improving policy content system, making up for the shortcomings of nutrition promotion, constructing an atmosphere of social participation in governance, and consolidating performance evaluation and accountability mechanisms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on the Modern Transformation History of Chinese Swordsmanship, European Fencing and Japanese Kendo FENG Xianghong, YANG Jianying 2023, 49 (1):  111-118.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.015 Abstract ( 980 )   PDF (1218KB) ( 628 )   Save Promoting the "creative transformation and innovative development of excellent Chinese traditional culture" is currently an endeavor at the national level. Against this background, this paper analyzes through comparative analysis method the modern transformation history of Chinese sword art, European fencing, and Japanese kendo, aiming to rejuvenate the sword culture - an excellent representative of traditional martial arts culture. The conclusions are as follows: (1) As mankind entered modern society, European fencing took the lead in modern transformation towards civilization, competition, and gamification at the end of the 18th century, and developed from the duel pattern of "drawing swords and determining life and death with one attack" into the game pattern of "who can stab or slash the other without hurting the other". As a result, it has entered the lane of rapid development as a competitive sports game and has been spread worldwide. (2) Japanese swordsmanship began its modern transformation at the end of the 19th century, and completed its leap "from art form to Ken Do" in the early 20th century, and was unified and named "Kendo", which not only civilized and gamified the sport, but also further elevated it into a way to cultivate spirit and a practical way to cultivate the national spirit; (3) Around the 1930s, the Chinese swordsmanship also underwent a modern transformation. Although it took the basic shape after several attempts, it was interrupted for various reasons and was then put on hold for a long time, and remains in obscurity until now. In addition, the conventional names such as "Ji Jian" (sword fencing) and "Jian Dao" (sword Dao) have been buried as a result of the spread of foreign cultures; (4) In order to regain its vitality in the new era, the Chinese swordsmanship should, on the one hand, continue the unfinished path of modern transformation, on the other hand, highlight its unique cultural characteristics, so as to contribute to the great cause of national rejuvenation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Identity and Activities of Tang Hao in His Early Years JI Peigang 2023, 49 (1):  119-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.04.00 Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 773 )   Save By using the methods of documents and historical research, this paper traces the identity and activities of Tang Hao in his early years. As a pioneer in the study of Chinese Wushu and the history of national sports, the young Tang Hao took up school education and joined social associations because of “Guoji”, shuttling between schools and associations in Shanghai for a long time. While engaging himself in education, Tang also paid attention to the fate of the nation and state and participated in many social and political activities, thus forming multiple identities. The activities related to “Wushu” and “Guoji” intermingled with his early experiences, thus laying the foundation for his long-term theoretical research and historical research on “Guoji”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Going-Abroad Phenomenon of Japanese and Korean Footballers: Group Characteristics, Dynamic Mechanism, and Implications CHEN Xunan, YANG Shuo, LENG Tangyun, ZHENG Fang 2023, 49 (1):  127-134.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.017 Abstract ( 1710 )   PDF (1658KB) ( 609 )   Save By analyzing youth training and career data 2010-2019, this paper portrays the growth patterns and group characteristics of Japanese and Korean professional footballers who have played in top European football leagues. By applying the "push-pull" theory as an explanatory framework, this paper reveals the dynamic mechanism of Japanese and Korean footballers' going abroad phenomenon, which is created jointly by the football culture, the channels of communication between associations and clubs, and the individual player decisions. In Japan and Korea, perfect school soccer systems and various overseas training programs provide a stable talent pool, and clear pathways to stay abroad and targeted policy configurations form an institutionalized talent export environment. From this, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the going abroad of Chinese footballers: building the Chinese league system with a talents development function; broadening the pathway for different types of players to stay abroad; innovating multivariate synergy training mechanisms and guarantee measures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physical Knowledge of State Presence: Body Genealogy of Wushu Modernization during the Republic of China YUAN Chengrui, DAI Guobin 2023, 49 (1):  135-142.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.018 Abstract ( 777 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 788 )   Save A genealogical study of the historical materials on Wushu in the Republic of China reveals that, on the one hand, the social elites associated people's body with the national body through the discourse of building a strong nation and a strong race, thus promoting the progress of national civilization by expanding the scope of the national body's empowerment through "women's participation in Wushu practice", and alluding to the new forces of the nation through the in-depth expropriation of the "boy scout body". On the other hand, they used the discourse of "sick man" in comparing the East and the West to serve the purposes of making educational exploration of Wushu and starting a new journey of athleticization, thereby shaping the discourse of national identity and power consciousness against the backdrop of indigenous-foreign sports controversy. In short, in the modern field of nation-state discourse, the "tangibility" and "nationality" of Wushu made it become the most useful tool in rejuvenating the nation and forging a sense of shared state community. As a result, people's body became the very embodiment of imaginary shared state community. However, its controversial stance in priding its tradition and looking upon to the Western sports put it in a dilemma of learning from the West while competing against the West. References | Related Articles | Metrics