[1] GRIMMJ,SCHWAETZ J. Body image and race on gay male-targeted blogs[J]. Howard Journal of Communications, 2017,2(28):323-338. [2] FREDERICK D A, FESSLER D M T,HASELTON M G. Do representations of male muscularity differ in men's and women's magazines[J]. Body Image, 2005(2):81-86. [3] HERBOZO S, TANTLEFF-DUNN S, GOKEE-LAROSE J, et al. Beauty and Thinness Messages in Children's Media: A Content Analysis[J]. Eating Disorders, 2004(12):21 -34. [4] POPE H G, PHILLIPS K A, OLIVARDIA R. The adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession.[N] New York: Touchstone Press, 2001:58. [5] ALEXANDER S M. Stylish hard bodies: Branded masculinity in men's health magazine[J]. Sociological Perspectives, 2003(46):535-554. [6] MACKENZIE D, JENNA C, RACHEL F RODGERS. Making gains: Hypermuscularity and objectification of male and female Olympic athletes in Sports Illustrated across 60 years[J]. Body Image, 2019(29):156-160 [7] LINDER J R, DANIELS E A. Sexy vs. sporty: The effects of viewing media images of athletes on self-objectification in college students [J]. Sex Roles, 2018(78):27-39. [8] THOMAS G, JEANINE P D GUIDRY, FRANCINE S, et al. Body Image Portrayals on Instagram[J]. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking,2020,5(23):281-289. [9] ANDREW A, KATE E, MULGREW, Differential media effects on male body satisfaction and mood[J]. Australian Journal of Psychology,2019,72,(1):3-10. [10] DUGGAN SJ, McCREARY DR. Body image, eating disorders, and the drive for muscularity in gay and heterosexual men[J]. Journal of Homosex, 2004(47): 45-58. [11] HARGREAVES D, TIGGEMANN M. Muscular ideal media images and men's body image: Social comparison processing and individual vulnerability[J]. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2009(10):109-119. [12] AUBREY JS, TAYLOR LD. The role of lad magazines in priming men's chronic and temporary appearance‐Related schemata: An investigation of longitudinal and experimental findings[J]. Human Communication Research, 2009,35(1):28-58. [13] McCREARY D. Muscularity and body image. In T F Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance[M]. London, UK: Elsevier, 2012: 561-567. [14] VALKENBURG P M, PETER J. The differential susceptibility to media effects model[J]. Journal of Communication, 2013(63):221-243. [15] FERGUSON C J, WINEGARD B, WINEGARD B M. Who is the fairest one of all? How evolution guides peer and media influences on female body dissatisfaction[J]. Review of General Psychology, 2011(15):11-28. [16] CROCKER J, LUHTANEN R K, COOPER M. L, et al. Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003(85):894-908. [17] GRIFFITHS S, MURRAY S B. Extending the masculinity hypothesis: An investigation of gender role conformity, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in young heterosexual men[J]. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2015,16(1):108-114. [18] RICCIARDELLI L A, McCABE M P, Williams R J, et al. The role of ethnicity and culture in body image and disordered eating among males[J]. Clinical Psychology Review, 2007,27(5):582-606. [19] RUBIN A M. Uses-and- gratifications perspective on media effects. In J BRYANT, M B OLIVER (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research[M]. New York: Routledge,2009:165-184. [20] SLATER M D. Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity[J].Communication Theory,2007(17):281-303. [21] PERLOFF R M. Social media effects on young women's body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research[J]. Sex Roles,2014,71(11-12):363-377. [22] WOOD J V, TAYLOR K L. Serving self-relevant goals through social comparison.// J. SULS, T A WILLS, Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research[M]. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1991:23-49. [23] GREEN M C, DILL K E. Engaging with stories and characters: Learning, persuasion, and transportation into narrative worlds.// K E Dill (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of media psychology[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,2013:449-461 [24] PERLOFF R M. Mass media, social perception, and the third-person effect. // J. BRYANT, M. B. OLIVER (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research[M]. New York: Routledge, 2009:252-268 [25] SASTRE A. Toward a radical body positive: Reading the online “body positive movement”[J]. Feminist Media Studies,2014,14(6):929-943. [26] POTTER WJ. Theory of media literacy: A cognitive approach[M]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2004:67-72. [27] DIEDRICHS PC. Media influences on male body image[J].Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 2012,2:547 -553. [28] HOGUE J V, MILLS J S. The effects of active social media engagement with peers on body image in young women[J]. Body Image,2019, 3(28): 1-5. [29] OLESKER MAX. The rise and rise of the spornosexual[EB/OL].https://www. esquire.com/uk/culture/news/a7588/ the-rise-and -rise-of the-spornosexual/,2015- 01-12. [30] YOUJEONG Kim, SHYAM SUNDAR S. Visualizing ideal self vs. actual self through Avatars: Impact on preventive health outcomes[J]. Computers in Human Behavior, 2012(28):1356-1364. [31] PARENT MC, BRADSTREET TC. Integrating self-concept into the relationship between drive for muscularity, and disordered eating and depression, among men[J]. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2017, 18(2):1-11. [32] ASHRAF S A, SAEED P S, FON S O. Self-schema and self-discrepancy mediate the influence of Instagram usage on body image satisfaction among youth[J]. Computers in Human Behavior, 2017, 68(2):8-16 [33] FESRINGER L. A Theory of Social Comparison Processes[J]. Human Relations, 1954(7):117-140. [34] MARKUS H. Self-schemata and processing information about the self[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977, 35(2):63-78. [35] CASH TF, LABARGE AS. Development of the appearance schemas inventory: A new cognitive body-image assessment[J]. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1996, 20(1):37-50. [36] JUNG J, LENNON S J, RUDD, N. A. Self-schema or self-discrepancy? which best explains body image?[J] Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 2001,19(4): 171-184. [37] HIGGINS ET. Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect[J]. Psychological Review, 1987, 94(3):319-340. [38] YU UJ, Kozar J M, DAMHORST ML. Influence of multiple age identities on social comparison, body satisfaction, and appearance self-discrepancy for women across the life span[J]. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 2013, 41(4):375-392. [39] Amanda Baker.Understanding the influence of diverse media content on men's body image: The moderating effect of self-determination on male self-surveillance, self-evaluations, and cognitive performance[D]. University of Ottawa,2017:2-4. [40] MEAGHAN B, KURTIS A, QINGQI THOMAS Q. Men's construction of media impact on male body image in the context of heterosexual romantic relationships[J]. University ofSaskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal,2015,1(2):08-17. |