儿童青少年有氧耐力变化趋势的分析及启示——基于1964—2017年的国内外研究

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.03.012

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 77-84.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.03.012

• 青少年身体素质发育研究 • 上一篇下一篇

儿童青少年有氧耐力变化趋势的分析及启示——基于1964—2017年的国内外研究

柯友枝¹, 张丹青¹, Grant Tomkinson^2,3, 刘阳^1,4

1.上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海 200438;
2.美国北达科他大学,大福克斯 58202;
3.澳大利亚南澳大学,阿德莱德 5001;
4.上海市学生体质健康研究中心,上海 200438

收稿日期:2022-04-09 修回日期:2022-11-27 发布日期:2023-07-04
通讯作者: 刘阳,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:运动与健康促进;E-mail: docliuyang@hotmail.com。
作者简介:柯友枝,博士研究生,研究方向:儿童青少年身体活动与体质健康; E-mail: kyz19941219@163.com。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目“体育活动对幼儿基本动作技能和体质健康促进的实证研究” (19BTY077)。

The Changing Trend in Aerobic Fitness of Children and Adolescents and Its Enlightenment: Based on Worldwide Research from 1964 to 2017

KE Youzhi¹, ZHANG Danqing¹, TOMKINSON Grant^2,3, LIU Yang^1,4

1. Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai 200438;
2. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks 58202, USA;
3. University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
4. Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai 200438

Received:2022-04-09 Revised:2022-11-27 Published:2023-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:以全球视角分析儿童青少年有氧耐力的变化趋势及相关影响因素,为提高儿童青少年的有氧耐力提供科学依据。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed、ESBCO、中国知网(CNKI)4个数据库检索,检索截止日期为2020年4月30日。结果:30篇有氧耐力相关研究被纳入分析,共纳入了15个国家6 613 795名5~19岁的儿童青少年。53年来,有35 324名儿童青少年的有氧耐力呈现上升趋势,6 566 338名呈现下降的趋势,12 133名不变。我国儿童青少年有氧耐力:1985—1989年,所有年龄段儿童青少年的有氧耐力呈现小幅上升的趋势;1989—2009年,所有年龄段儿童青少年的有氧耐力开始较大幅度下降;2009—2014年,大部分年龄段呈现出止跌回升的趋势。结论:儿童青少年有氧耐力呈现持续下降的趋势,提示需要定期监控儿童青少年的有氧耐力,并采取积极主动的干预措施以及政策方针。同时,应注重微观、中观、宏观三个层面的协同发展,有效提高儿童青少年的有氧耐力。

关键词: 有氧耐力/心肺耐力, 儿童青少年, 趋势, 体质健康, 健康促进

Abstract: Methods: The four databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ESBCO, and China Knowledge Network (CNKI) were searched using a combination of Boolean logic operations. The search deadline is April 30, 2020.Results: Thirty articles related to aerobic fitness research were included in the analysis, involving a total of 6 613 795 children and adolescents aged 5-19 years from 15 countries. Over the past 53 years, the aerobic fitness of 35 324 children and adolescents has shown an upward trend, the aerobic fitness of 6 566 338 children and adolescents has shown a downward trend, and the aerobic fitness of 12,133 children and adolescents has remained unchanged. After further extracting the aerobic fitness data of children and adolescents in China, it is found that from 1985 to 1989, the aerobic fitness of children and adolescents of all ages showed a slight upward trend; during the 20 years from 1989 to 2009, the aerobic fitness of children and adolescents of all ages began to decline significantly; from 2009 to 2014, most of the age groups showed a trend of reversing the decline. Conclusion: The aerobic fitness of children and adolescents is showing a continuous downward trend, which suggests that it is necessary to regularly monitor the aerobic fitness of children and adolescents and take proactive intervention measures and policy guidelines. At the same time, attention should be paid to the coordinated development at the micro, meso, and macro levels to effectively promote the aerobic fitness of children and adolescents.

Key words: aerobic fitness, children and adolescents, trends, physical fitness, health promotion

中图分类号:

G804.2

柯友枝, 张丹青, Grant Tomkinson, 刘阳. 儿童青少年有氧耐力变化趋势的分析及启示——基于1964—2017年的国内外研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2023, 49(3): 77-84.

KE Youzhi, ZHANG Danqing, TOMKINSON Grant, LIU Yang. The Changing Trend in Aerobic Fitness of Children and Adolescents and Its Enlightenment: Based on Worldwide Research from 1964 to 2017[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2023, 49(3): 77-84.

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链接本文: https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.03.012

https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V49/I3/77

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儿童青少年有氧耐力变化趋势的分析及启示——基于1964—2017年的国内外研究

The Changing Trend in Aerobic Fitness of Children and Adolescents and Its Enlightenment: Based on Worldwide Research from 1964 to 2017

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