Abstract: Physical fitness testing systems play a long-term and effective guiding role in the promotion of student physical fitness. Usingliterature, logical analysis, and comparative studies, outline the history of student physical fitness testing systems in China, Japan, the United States, Canada, conduct comparative analyses the implementation guarantee of testing systems, testing components and test items, the application of information technology for physical fitness testing management, and follow-up intervention measures, present the implications for 1) strengthen the collaboration between the government and multiple forces, and build a full range of laws and regulations to guarantee the coordinated development of student physical fitness testing system; 2) support backward regions and disadvantaged groups to promote the balanced development of student physical fitness testing system; 3) use big data and information resources to facilitate the scientific development of student physical fitness testing system.