Abstract: In the Late-Qing-Early-ROC Period, women’s body was raised into the stage of history by a life-and-death national crisis. In the name of the state and nation, women’s body was reconstructed, which resulted in the vigorous growth of women's physical education. Focusing on this historic period which was crucial in body sociology, the research mainly probes into the transmission period during which the image of “new women” was established through physical education and conscious body awareness. The research result indicates that Church girls’ schools and state-run girls’ schools were two major places providing physical education for girls and the country provided system guarantee by designing systems, compiling textbooks and training teaching staff. Most women’s bodies were no longer family-stuck because they were gradually owned and employed by the country.

Key words: Women's Sport, Body Education, Body Productivity, Body and Mind Separation, The Late-Qing and Early-ROC Period