体力活动对中国老年人衰弱的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的实证分析

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.05.015

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 114-122.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.05.015

体力活动对中国老年人衰弱的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的实证分析

王世强^1,2,3, 郭凯林^1,2, 吕万刚³

1.湖南工业大学体育学院,湖南株洲 412007;
2.体质健康和运动健身湖南省重点实验室湖南株洲 412007;
3.武汉体育学院湖北武汉 430079

收稿日期:2022-08-07 修回日期:2023-08-10 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-11-03
通讯作者: 吕万刚,博士,教授,研究方向:体育社会学;E-mail:lwangang@email.wipe.edu.cn。
作者简介:王世强,博士,副教授,研究方向:运动与健康促进;E-mail:suswsq@163.com。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目“基于社会生态学模型的社区衰弱老年人体力活动促进研究”(20CTY019);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目“身体活动和老年人衰弱的“剂量-效应”关系及中介机制研究”(22B0560)。

Effects of Physical Activity on Frailty of Older People in China——An Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS

WANG Shiqiang^1,2,3, GUO Kailin^1,2, LV Wangang³

1. Physical Education College of Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou Hunan 412007;
2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Health and Fitness, Zhuzhou Hunan 412007;
3. Wuhan Sport University, Wuhan Hubei 430079

Received:2022-08-07 Revised:2023-08-10 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:分析体力活动对我国老年人衰弱的影响,为预防和干预老年人衰弱的体力活动促进提供科学依据。方法:基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2018年的数据,采用衰弱指数评估中国老年人的衰弱状况,并利用logistic回归模型分析体力活动对衰弱的影响,辅以倾向得分匹配法消除自选择偏差。结果:(1)中国老年人的衰弱患病率为23.59%,衰弱风险随着体力活动能耗的增加而减小,控制其余因素后,体力活动每增加1 MET-h/d,衰弱风险下降4%。(2)相比中高体力活动,低体力活动老年人的衰弱风险是中高体力活动的3.17倍。(3)运用3种倾向得分匹配法修正自选择偏差后,低体力活动对老年人衰弱影响的净效应为20%。(4)异质性分析发现,低体力活动更会增加女性、教育程度低、无配偶、居住在城市老年人的衰弱风险。结论:中国老年人的衰弱患病率高,低体力活动老年人的衰弱风险更高,中高体力活动更有助于降低老年人的衰弱风险,同时二者关系也存在群体异质性。建议社会要重视老年人衰弱问题,开展衰弱筛查,同时积极引导老年人进行体力活动。

关键词: 衰弱, 老年人, 身体活动, 衰弱指数, 中国健康与养老追踪调查, 运动强度, 患病率

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effects of physical activity on the frailty of older people in China, and provide scientific basis for preventing and intervening the frailty of physical activity. Methods: Frailty Index (FI) was used to evaluate the frailty of older people in China based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of physical activity on frailty, and the propensity score matching was used to eliminate self-selection bias. Results: (1) The prevalence of frailty among older people in China was 23.59%. and the risk of frailty decreases with increasing physical activity energy consumption. When the other factors were controlled, the risk of frailty decreased by 4% for each 1 met-h/d increase in physical activity. (2) Compared with moderate to intensive physical activity, the risk of frailty in older people with low physical activity was 3.17 times higher than that with moderate to intensive physical activity. (3) The net effect of low physical activity on frailty in older people was 20% when the three propensity score matching was used to correct the selection bias of the samples. (4) Heterogeneity analysis showed that low physical activity was more likely to increase the frailty risk of female older people, older people with low education level, older people without spouse, and urban older people. Conclusion: The prevalence of frailty is high among older people in China. The risk of frailty is higher in older people with low physical activity, and moderate to vigor physical activity is more likely to reduce the risk of frailty in older people. Meanwhile, the relationship between physical activity and risk of frailty has also showed group heterogeneity. Society should pay attention to the problem of frailty in older people, carry out frailty screening, and actively guide older people to do physical activity.

Key words: frailty, older adults, physical activity, FI, CHARLS, exercise intensity, prevalence

中图分类号:

G804.26

王世强, 郭凯林, 吕万刚. 体力活动对中国老年人衰弱的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的实证分析[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2023, 49(5): 114-122.

WANG Shiqiang, GUO Kailin, LV Wangang. Effects of Physical Activity on Frailty of Older People in China——An Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2023, 49(5): 114-122.

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https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V49/I5/114

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体力活动对中国老年人衰弱的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的实证分析

Effects of Physical Activity on Frailty of Older People in China——An Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS

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