Abstract: This present paper discusses the relationship between the modification of specific structure of brain and the optimization of subfunctions of executive function from the perspective of neurophysiology, the possible mechanism that different molecular biological indices improve subfunctions of executive function by exercise from the perspective of molecular biology, and the possible variable settings as well as experiment control in experimental research according to exercise dosage effect, age and test option. This paper proposes that research in the future shall be based on the plasticity of brain structure and function, aiming to analyze the neurophysiological mechanism and molecular biological mechanism that exercise improves executive function by comprehensively using a variety of analysis methods, and find out from the perspective of molecular biology the effective genes related to the mechanism that exercise improves executive function and their polymorphism. In terms of experimental variable setting and control, relevant variables shall be controlled more strictly to ensure their precision and scientificity. Finally, it is proposed that an interdisciplinary and comprehensive perspective is more likely to reveal the mechanism that exercise improves executive function.

Key words: improvement by exercise, executive function, mechanism, variable setting, variable control