体育何以促进和平：冷战时期美苏田径对抗赛谈判的心态史考察

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2025.02.13

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 125-133.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2025.02.13

• 体育史与体育文化 • 上一篇

体育何以促进和平：冷战时期美苏田径对抗赛谈判的心态史考察

顾帅¹, 于思远², 刘桂海¹

1. 华东师范大学体育与健康学院, 上海 200241;
2. 清华大学体育部, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2024-11-22 发布日期:2025-04-28
通讯作者: 刘桂海，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，研究方向：体育人文社会学；E-mail：ghliu@tyxx.ecnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:顾帅，博士研究生，研究方向：体育对外交往、体育史；E-mail：guaiwojia@163.com。
基金资助:
中国博士后科学基金第73批面上项目“‘体育促进发展与和平’倡议与中国特色体育外交的理念互动及实践方案研究”（2023M731994）；上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“总体国家安全观视阈下我国应对国际体育危机：历史、经验与理论反思”（2022BTY001）。

How sports can promote peace: A historical survey of the mentality in the negotiation of the USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series

GU Shuai¹, YU Siyuan², LIU Guihai¹

1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241;
2. Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084

Received:2024-11-22 Published:2025-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冷战时期，美苏围绕两国田径对抗赛展开谈判，打造了体育式政治协商渠道与机制，不仅促成两国冷战下的首次“握手”与合作，更推动美国废除《麦卡伦-沃尔特法案》，催生了冷战时期首份美苏文化交流协议，进而引发两国多领域的合作，在两国形成良性竞合关系中发挥独特价值。论文借鉴心态史方法，考察了长达6年的田径对抗赛谈判过程，勾勒了美国首次相邀、苏联连续回邀、赛事合约达成的历史图景，认为美苏间数轮邀请与拒绝的循环反映了大国体育博弈心态的谨慎性与复杂性。冷战时期美苏体育交流与经济制裁、军备竞赛等有着本质区别，表现出方式和平性、过程公开性、结果合作性特征，也赋予了体育促进和平的价值内核。冷战时期美苏体育、政治的交互影响的史实，有助于认知体育参与大国博弈的动因、方式和机理，可为新时代新征程下体育服务构建新型大国关系提供一定的历史借鉴。

关键词: 大国博弈, 体育外交, 美苏田径对抗赛, 体育和平, 冷战, 心态史

Abstract: During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in negotiations surrounding the USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series, establishing a sports-based diplomatic consultation channel and mechanism. This initiative not only facilitated the first handshake and cooperation between the two nations amid the Cold War but also contributed to the repeal of the McCarran-Walter Act in the United States and led to the signing of the first U.S.-Soviet cultural exchange agreement of the Cold War era. These developments, in turn, spurred broader cooperation across multiple domains, fostering a constructive competitive-cooperative relationship between the two great powers and promoting the “Long Peace” during the Cold War through sports. Employing the history of mentality approach, this study conducts a genealogical examination of the six-year-long negotiation process behind the USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series, empirically reconstructing the historical trajectory of the United States’ initial invitation, the Soviet Union’s consecutive counter-invitations, and the eventual agreement on the competition contract. The repeated cycles of invitations and rejections reflect the caution and complexity inherent in great-power sports diplomacy during this period. Unlike economic sanctions and arms races, U.S.-Soviet sports exchanges during the Cold War exhibited distinct characteristics, including peaceful methods, public processes, and cooperative outcomes, encapsulating the intrinsic value of sports in promoting peace. Examining the interplay between sports and politics during the Cold War enhances our understanding of the motives, methods, and mechanisms through which sports engage in great-power rivalry. This, in turn, provides historical insights for leveraging sports diplomacy in fostering new forms of great-power relations in the contemporary era.

Key words: great-power rivalry, sports diplomacy, USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series, Sports for Peace, Cold War, history of mentality

中图分类号:

G811.9

顾帅, 于思远, 刘桂海. 体育何以促进和平：冷战时期美苏田径对抗赛谈判的心态史考察[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2025, 51(2): 125-133.

GU Shuai, YU Siyuan, LIU Guihai. How sports can promote peace: A historical survey of the mentality in the negotiation of the USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2025, 51(2): 125-133.

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链接本文: https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/10.15942/j.jcsu.2025.02.13

https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V51/I2/125

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体育何以促进和平：冷战时期美苏田径对抗赛谈判的心态史考察

How sports can promote peace: A historical survey of the mentality in the negotiation of the USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet Series

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