Abstract: Chinese students at Springfield College played a significant role in the modern history of sports in China. However, scholarly research has yet to systematically explore key aspects of this group’s overseas experience, including their basic information, curriculum, theses, and academic mentorship, resulting in a critical gap in understanding these pioneers. Based primarily on archival documents from Springfield College, this study reveals: (1) During the Republican period, 44 Chinese students studied at Springfield College, 27 of whom specialized in physical education—exceeding the previously accepted figure of 17. (2) The curriculum encompassed theoretical foundations such as anatomy and physiology, alongside practical sports training and applied courses. Some students achieved above-average academic performance. (3) Fourteen theses were collected (including nine on sports-related topics), which demonstrated a distinct focus on Chinese issues and reflected two patterns of adaptation: transplantation of foreign models and integrative innovation. (4) As the successor to Luther Halsey Gulick, J. H. McCurdy established Springfield College as another pivotal hub for new physical education ideologies. Serving as mentor to several Chinese students, McCurdy undoubtedly influenced their academic perspectives, particularly their understanding of modern physical education.