Table of Content

15 March 2024, Volume 50 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

SPORTS SOCIOLOGY

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Research on the Figurational Analysis Framework in the Figurational Sociology of Sport WANG Song, A Rouna, GUO Zhen, LIU Bo 2024, 50 (2):  1-8.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.001 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (1254KB) ( 1372 )   Save The figurational sociology of sport as a community of knowledge has made great contributions to the international sociology of sport. The academic narrative of the sociology of sport as a research topic aims to draw on the introduction and translation of the sociology of sport to renew the academic tradition of the figurational sociology of sport. Elias has established a conceptual system and sociology (sociology of sport) analytical framework centered on the "figuration", such as the sportization and the civilizing process, the game model and the established and the outsiders theory, as well as the involvement-detechment, which is sufficient to reflect the innovative significance of the analytical framework of the figurational sociology of sport. Under this research paradigm, the potential for future application of the figurational sociology of sport is also manifested in the research topics of sport and health, sport and mobility, and sport and technology, bringing a certain amount of imagination to the figurational sociology of sport in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hidden Worries and Solutions: A Spatiotemporal Sociology Study of Physical Activity Promotion in Chinese Children and Adolescents WU Jin, YANG Yuhang,LI Liqiang,SUN Youping 2024, 50 (2):  9-15.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.002 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 1398 )   Save From the perspective of spatiotemporal sociology, this paper examines the current problem of physical activity promotion in Chinese children and adolescents. It is concluded that school, family, and community fields where physical activity takes place have the characteristics of clear physical education curriculum time arrangement, overlap of intergenerational interaction, and accelerated spatial remodeling of built environment. Time famine caused by biased values, spatial differentiation caused by unbalanced development, extension of time and space caused by digital wave, and compression of time and space exacerbated by intensification trend are the spatiotemporal hidden worries behind the decline of physical activity. Based on this, the solutions and adaptation approaches are put forward: to improve the overall governance efficiency through the power spatiotemporal adjustment, to promote the intelligent development through the information spatiotemporal adjustment, to establish the interpersonal support community through the relationship spatiotemporal adjustment, to enhance the individual drive through the psychology spatiotemporal adjustment, and to cultivate the active health behavior pattern through the life spatiotemporal adjustment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SOCCER CULTURE

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A Study on theTransnational Mobility of World Elite Soccer Players and Its Influencing Factors SUN Jian 2024, 50 (2):  16-25.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.003 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (1284KB) ( 1342 )   Save The transnational mobility of the world elite soccer players is not only a social phenomenon, but also a hotspot of concern in the sports academia. In order to have a more accurate understanding and awareness of this sports phenomenon, and at the same time to provide reference for the formulation of the future development strategy of Chinese soccer, this study analyzed for the first time the transnational mobility of the players who participated in the last four World Cups through the methods of documents and mathematical statistics, that is, analyzed the data on the workplaces of the athletes who participated in the 18th to 21st World Cup Final Stage. The study found that in the final stage of the 18th-21st World Cup, a total of 1,835 players made transnational mobility, among which the number of players in the five countries (regions) of England, Germany, Italy, Spain and France was the largest, with a total of 1,159 players, accounting for 63.16% of the total number of players who made transnational mobility, and the world soccer talents were “gathered in Europe”. The Matthew effect of “European aggregation”, especially “aggregation of the five major leagues in Europe”, is very obvious. The study concludes that the factors affecting the transnational mobility of world elite soccer players mainly include economic factors, historical and cultural factors, policy factors, and personal factors, but in essence, economic factors play a leading role. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Empirical Study on the Normative Level of Discretion in the CFA Disciplinary Regulations: Taking Misconduct of Players in Games as an Example FU Qihao, CAO Jinrong 2024, 50 (2):  26-33.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.004 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (1288KB) ( 1288 )   Save The CFA Disciplinary Regulations has basically realized the standardization of law documents so far, and further attention needs to be paid to the standardization of discretion in the process of application. Through the realistic consideration of discretion principle, process and circumstances, 14 influencing factors of discretions were selected, and 568 cases of players’ misconduct in games during 2011-2023 seasons were taken as samples for empirical testing. It is found that the overall standard level of discretions is good, but there are inappropriate citation provisions, disunity of theory and practice, unscientific calculation methods, untimely text updates and suspected non-standard discretions. In order to further improve the standard level of discretions, it is suggested that it should be improved from three aspects: realizing the educational function, clarifying the application of provisions and regulating the work of discretion, so as to lay a solid foundation for the development of Chinese football by standardizing the management function of sports associations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PUBLIC SERVICE FOR FITNESS FOR ALL

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Research on the Regional Differences and Convergence of the Supply Level of Public Services for National Fitness in China ——From the Perspective of Higher Level Supply of Public Services for National Fitness BO Tengfei,LEI Yanyun 2024, 50 (2):  34-41.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.005 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1245KB) ( 1366 )   Save In order to improve the national fitness equal development, improve people's sense of happiness and gain in sports activities. Using entropy weight method, kernel density estimation method and Gini coefficient decomposition method, to discusses the difference phenomenon of regional development,and discusses β Convergence mechanism.Study found:1) The whole country and the eastern, central and western regions all show the convergence characteristics of increasing supply level and decreasing absolute difference. 2) The equalization degree of supply level in the whole country and in the eastern, central and western regions has been significantly improved, and the equalization degree within each region is in the order of Western > Eastern > central region, and the equalization degree among regions is in the order of middle-west > East-West > East-central region. 3) There are significant β convergence characteristics in the whole country and in the eastern, central and western regions, and there is an obvious "catch-up" trend in the regions with weak supply, and the supply level of national fitness public services in all regions will gradually tend to the same steady state level over time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accessibility of Public Services for National Fitness: Conceptual Connotation, Value Implications and Enhancement Paths TAO Mingming, ZHENG Jiakun 2024, 50 (2):  42-49.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.006 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 1466 )   Save Enhancing the accessibility of public services for national fitness is an integral part of promoting the accessibility of basic public services, and is also the basic goal of constructing a higher level of public service system for national fitness. Drawing on the classical concept of accessibility of medical and health services in the West and the research paradigm of domestic public service accessibility, and based on the theoretical orientation and practice change regarding the development of public services for national fitness, this study defines the accessibility of public services for national fitness as the extent to which all citizens can enjoy public services and products in a full, fair and satisfactory manner. Its connotation is mainly composed of six dimensions: identifiable demand, obtainable quantity, reachable space, suitable use, acceptable quality and satisfying effect. The accessibility of public services for national fitness is an important part of building a higher level of public service system for national fitness, a necessary path for realizing the high-quality development of public services for national fitness, a powerful guarantee for improving the level of equalization of public services for national fitness, and a key for promoting the highly efficient governance of public services for national fitness. In order to improve the accessibility of public services for national fitness, it is necessary to fully identify people's needs to ensure accurate services; increase the quantity of service supply to ensure adequate services; equalize the layout of service resources to promote fair services; optimize the design of service use to promote convenient services; strengthen the measures for quality assurance to promote high-quality services; and improve the effect of the feedback mechanism to achieve services satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

TRADITIONAL ETHNIC SPORTS

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Humanistic Interpretation of Traditional Tibetan Sports LUO Shuaicheng, ZHENG Guohua, LIU Qing 2024, 50 (2):  50-58.  doi: 20240203 Abstract ( 155 )   PDF (2758KB) ( 1155 )   Save Using the methods of literature review and logical analysis, and drawing on the knowledge of archaeology, this article analyzes the causal relationship between the physiological characteristics of Tibetans adapting to the low-oxygen environment and their sports from the humanistic perspective, and argues that the various thought materializations of the Tibetan people in the process of perceiving and adapting to the natural environment of the plateau have laid the material foundation for the emergence and development of traditional Tibetan sports culture, which not only accumulates all the cultural creations and civilization achievements of the Tibetan people, but also contains the cultural genes for the harmonious coexistence with the plateau natural environment towards the future sustainable development. This study is of great practical significance in promoting the innovative development of traditional Tibetan sports in the context of Chinese national cultural identity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Overseas Audience's Media Exposure Behavior on the International Communication Effect of Chinese Wushu Culture XIN Shuangshuang, MA Xiujie 2024, 50 (2):  59-66.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.007 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (1285KB) ( 1399 )   Save The article adopts a comprehensive index system of communication effect based on the construction of a research framework for the internationalized communication effect of microscopic martial arts. Monthly frequency of exposure to martial arts information, time span of exposure to martial arts information and the number of types of media exposure are adopted as the constitutional concepts of media exposure behavior, and the influence of media exposure behavior on the communication effect of martial arts among overseas audiences with different education levels is explored with the help of moderating effect model. The results show that the four indicators of media exposure behavior are positively correlated with communication effects, and the moderating effect of time span of exposure to martial arts information, the number of types of traditional media exposure and the number of types of new media exposure on the Internet are more significant than that of monthly frequency of exposure with martial arts information on the communication effect of martial arts for groups with different educational levels. The influencing factors of martial arts communication effect are complex and diverse and media exposure behavior needs to be further explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Disenchantment and Re-enchantment: A Rational Examination of Taijiquan Fighting Techniques LIU Jinzhong, MI Jing, HUANG Kanghui 2024, 50 (2):  67-74.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.008 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (1257KB) ( 1362 )   Save The development of Taijiquan fighting is a logical process in which the image of Taijiquan has evolved from disenchantment to re-enchantment in modern society. Taking Max Weber's Disenchantment Theory as a breakthrough point, and using the methods of literature review, historical research and logical reasoning, this present paper examines the disenchantment process of traditional Taijiquan fighting techniques and the crisis it triggered, and then puts forward the re-enchantment path for the image of modern Taijiquan. It is concluded that: (1) The aura blessing of "chrisma", the "absence" of training and confrontation, and the "seeking for cleverness" orientation of martial arts make the disenchantment of traditional Taijiquan fighting techniques an inevitable choice in history. (2) Academic disenchantment and practical disenchantment together have constituted the two evolutionary paths of Taijiquan and triggered such crises as the collapse of trust in Taijiquan and the prevalence of fighting supremacy. (3) The way to revitalize the image of modern Taijiquan should use the Taiji push hand event as the starting point to highlight the internal image of Taijiquan fighting; use MMA and police combat as the application platforms to reshape the external image of Taijiquan fighting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PHD RESEARCH COLUMN

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Overview,omparison and s of tudent hysical itness esting ystems in China and broad ZHANG Junjie,LIU Haiyuan, ZHAN Enyan 2024, 50 (2):  75-84.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.009 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1312KB) ( 1324 )   Save Physical fitness testing systems play a long-term and effective guiding role in the promotion of student physical fitness. Usingliterature, logical analysis, and comparative studies, outline the history of student physical fitness testing systems in China, Japan, the United States, Canada, conduct comparative analyses the implementation guarantee of testing systems, testing components and test items, the application of information technology for physical fitness testing management, and follow-up intervention measures, present the implications for 1) strengthen the collaboration between the government and multiple forces, and build a full range of laws and regulations to guarantee the coordinated development of student physical fitness testing system; 2) support backward regions and disadvantaged groups to promote the balanced development of student physical fitness testing system; 3) use big data and information resources to facilitate the scientific development of student physical fitness testing system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Symbol Interpretation and Schematic Construction of Body Reinvention in Elite Athletes ZHAO Yan, YANG Guanqiang, WANG Zhihui 2024, 50 (2):  85-92.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.010 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (1502KB) ( 1288 )   Save In order to further expand the theoretical boundary of body sociology, the body reinvention in elite athletes is taken as the starting point, and the body schema contained in it is constructed by revealing its value identification and symbolic meaning. The findings are as follows: (1) The process of body reinvention, which is infinitely close to the potential of the human body, can be defined as "the progression of intentionality". body reinvention in elite athletes is the mirror image of discipline discourse represented in sports performance and behavior interaction, as well as the mirror image of social culture represented in body values and concepts. (3) Body reinvention in elite athletes has three attributes: shaping social order, promoting social reproduction and shaping cultural symbols. In addition, the moving body, the commercial body and the social body are linked in the "body consumption" and the structural actions that represent social changes. (4) The body reinvention schema in elite athletes, as a specific cultural pattern in the operation mechanism of "existence-discipline-performance - symbol", is based on the sense of body practice, connected by interactive chain and centered on the embedding of body ritual. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS HISTORY AND SPORTS CULTUR

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Martial Arts Culture in Medieval Europe: An Analysis Based on Martial Arts Manuscripts ZENG Yang, Zhu Dong 2024, 50 (2):  93-100.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.011 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (1413KB) ( 1310 )   Save Based on the manuscripts of martial arts in medieval Europe, this paper interprets the basic features of martial arts in medieval Europe from three aspects: practice subject, practice field and practice content. The research shows that all social classes in medieval Europe have the cultural tradition of using and teaching martial arts, and the knight class is not the only practical subject of martial arts. The practice field of martial arts is divided into education field and battle field. The court and school are the main education field of martial arts in medieval Europe, and military combat, knight competition and duel are the main battle field. The practice of martial arts in medieval Europe is divided into two parts: technology and technical theory. Technology includes postures and plays. Technical theory includes six technical principles: the principle of maintaining movement, the principle of psychological regulation, the principle of measuring distance, the principle of strong and weak strength, the principle of full utilization, and the principle of controlling opponents. It is pointed out that the study of martial arts in medieval Europe can expand the research vision of Chinese martial arts, provide reference for the comparative study of Chinese and Western martial arts in the new era, and realize the mutual learning, mutual appreciation and common development of Chinese martial arts culture and European martial arts culture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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"Image" and "Meaning": the Arrangement and Research of Martial Arts Statues in Yungang Grottoes MENG Linsheng,XU Ziqi,ZHAO Xia,HU Yaxi,JIANG Jiajun 2024, 50 (2):  101-110.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.012 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (3527KB) ( 1308 )   Save The Yungang Grottoes are an exceptional representation of ancient Buddhist rock sculptures in China, serving as a cultural treasure trove of the Chinese nation. They bear significant relevance not only in the realms of history, religion, and art, but also in sports, offering profound connotations and remarkable research value. This study, from the relatively under-explored perspective of martial arts history, uses the methods of literature review, field study, image analysis, and tripartite evidence to investigate the martial arts statues found in the Yungang Grottoes. By comprehensively cataloging, summarizing, and exploring the quantity, subject matter, layout, aesthetic form, and cultural imagery of the martial art statues, the research found that there are 163 martial arts statues in the Yungang Grottoes, covering the themes of archery, boxing, strongman lifting, and weaponry. The "image" of their macro-layout and micro-movements, serving as an intuitive and irreplaceable proof, reflects the historical evolution of Chinese martial arts during the Northern Wei Dynasty. It showcases the aesthetic beauty of unity between Buddhism and martial arts and the distinctive "meaning"of the fusion of various ethnicities during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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Research on the Connotation, Assessment Process and Realization Path of Physical Education and Health Core Literacy Assessment under the SOLO Classification Theory XIA Manhui, LIU Tao, LI Lehu 2024, 50 (2):  111-119.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.013 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (1341KB) ( 1301 )   Save Academic quality standard is the main basis of core literacy assessment, which can directly reflect the mastery of physical education core literacy. This article uses the methods of literature review, logical analysis, and draws on the research results of the SOLO classification theory to derive the main connotation of core literacy assessment under the SOLO classification theory, and argues that the assessment process of physical education and health core literacy includes five aspects: disciplinary cognition is the starting point of core literacy assessment; learning expectation is the intermediate step of core literacy assessment; the use of evidence is the basis of core literacy assessment; the validity of evidence is the key to core literacy assessment. It is proposed that the main path to realize academic quality assessment are: optimizing task scenarios to strengthen the cognition of physical education and health academic quality and core literacy; collecting evidence from a multi-dimensional perspective to scientifically assess core literacy; standardizing the assessment procedure of physical education and health core literacy to achieve comprehensive assessment; and establishing a synergistic participatory mechanism to ensure the normalization of physical education and health core literacy assessment; and emphasizing the diversity of assessment methods to promote the continuity of physical education and health core literacy assessment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflection on the Fairness of Physical Education under the "Double Reduction" Policy:Meaning Interpretation, Problem Prevention and Development Direction QIN Li, LI Jiquan 2024, 50 (2):  120-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.014 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1248KB) ( 1334 )   Save As a crucial education policy closely related to the future of China, the release of the "Double Reduction" policy has already shown far-reaching significance for equality in education. Moreover, it brings not only opportunities for the development of physical education but also concerns about the fairness of education in compulsory education. This study reflects on the fairness of physical education under the "double reduction" policy from the perspectives of meaning interpretation, problem prevention and development direction. The study believes that: firstly, the value orientation of education equity of the "double-reduction" policy should be well recognized. The introduction of this policy results from the timely judgment of the Communist Party of China and the country on the fairness of our compulsory education and the precise insights of the unfair dilemma of education stratification issue in west countries, aiming to respond to the people's need, return to the original intention of education, and promote and achieve more education reform results with more equity to benefit all people. Secondly, the concerns of physical education equity under the "double reduction" policy are: (1) during implementation, it might move away from physical education equity; (2) the policy will have a major impact on the equity of the high school or college entrance examination of physical education; (3) prior and new inequities and superimposed factors should be avoided. The study reveals the development direction of fairness in physical education under the "double reduction" policy: (1) reinforcing the construction of the main position for physical education in schools; (2) balancing the equity and quality of physical education; (3) advancing towards individual equilibrium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND HUMAN BODY

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The Mission of Training Theory in China in the New Era: Methodological Consciousness HU Changling, YANG Chengbo 2024, 50 (2):  127-134.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.015 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (1282KB) ( 1319 )   Save By comprehensively using the methods of literature review, logic, philosophy, and complexity science, this present paper expounds the constraints of Chinese sports training theory as a result of adhering to the "constitutive law" methodology, clarifies the pathways to overcome the bottleneck in Chinese training theory methodology, and puts forward the proposition of innovating and constructing Chinese training theory for the new era. The research suggests that the primary form of Chinese sports training theory is the textbook "Sports Training", which inherits the main ideas from Matveyev's "Principles of Sports Training", establishes the Chinese training theory system and the theoretical model of the structure of excellent athletes' competitive abilities, and remains well aligned with the general systematic theory and methodology. In order to transcend the constraints of the "constitutive law" methodology, it is imperative to center focus on contemporary training issues and establish a unified perspective for multiple research paradigms. This entails emphasizing research on "upward causality" and developing methods for explaining the "dual causal chain" theory, reshaping the theoretical foundation of training theory research from focusing on "simplicity" to embracing "complexity"; advocating for an "integrated methodology" and formulating principles of research methodology for Chinese training theory. In the new era, the innovation and construction of Chinese sports training theory should primarily focus on top-level design. This involves courageously addressing scientific issues within training theory, establishing a solid foundation through forward-looking basic research, and unlocking theoretical innovations by deciphering "component structures" and leveraging data mining techniques. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on the Training Model of Physical Fitness Program Combining High-intensity and High-movement Volume ZHOU Qingxi, ZHAO Liang, LIU Ruidong 2024, 50 (2):  135-142.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.016 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 1374 )   Save The article discusses the effect and application value of physical fitness training program combining high-intensity training and high-volume in order to provide scientific and practical training guidance for athletes and coaches. The study shows that: (1) Short-duration high-intensity training mainly focuses on the enhancement of phosphagen supply and glycolytic metabolism, which is especially important for short-duration and high-explosive sports, and can rapidly improve the instantaneous explosive power and speed of athletes. (2) Large-volume training comparatively focuses on the enhancement of aerobic capacity, which is effective for middle- and long-distance endurance sports. (3) Both high-intensity and large-volume training have their own advantages, but the combination of them is more effective. When developing training programs, coaches must have a deep understanding of the energy supply characteristics of each sport and the individual differences of athletes, so as to provide athletes with more accurate training recommendations. Conclusion: High-intensity and high-volume training play an irreplaceable role in physical training. Coaches should make comprehensive use of high-intensity and high-volume training to maximize the training effect for different physical fitness sports and athletes' individual differences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of Mindfulness on Athletes' Flow: the Mediating Role of Resilience LIU Fengbo, ZHANG Zhongqiu, LIU Shuqiang 2024, 50 (2):  143-150.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2024.02.017 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 1354 )   Save Objective: To explore the correlation and causality between mindfulness and flow of athletes through two studies, as well as the role of resilience. Methods: In study 1, 269 athletes were recruited and measured with questionnaires. The 2 (experimental conditions) × 2 (time) randomized controlled trial was used in study 2. 66 athletes were recruited and randomly assigned into the mindfulness training group (N=33) and the control group (N=33). The mediating effect of resilience was tested using the method of Bootstrap. Results: In study 1, mindfulness, resilience and flow were positively correlated with each other; Resilience mediated the relationship of mindfulness and flow. In study 2, there was no significant difference in the total scores of the pre-tested indicators between mindfulness training group and control group. Compared with the control group, the subjects in the intervention group showed increased mindfulness level, resilience and flow; Resilience change significantly mediated the relationship of group and flow. Conclusion: Mindfulness can significantly predict athletes' flow; resilience mediates the relationship between mindfulness and flow. References | Related Articles | Metrics