Table of Content

15 January 2022, Volume 48 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

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Study on Xi Jinping's Important Speeches and Statements on 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games YANG Guoqing 2022, 48 (1):  1-7.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.001 Abstract ( 896 )   PDF (1193KB) ( 812 )   Save This paper analyzes General Secretary Xi Jinping'simportant speeches and statements on 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games from the perspectives of theoretical source, problem orientation, practical guidance and historical significance. It is found that Xi Jinping's speeches and statements on the 2022 Winter Olympic Games contain profound cultural introspection, practical concerns, problem awarenessand value sentiment,embody the profound philosophical thoughts, humanisticwisdom and cultural connotationcontained in traditional Chinese culture, carry forward the historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic thatthe Communist Party of Chinahas followed in its centenary struggle, infuse the contents and spiritsof the new era into the innovative development and creative integration of cultural system and economic practice of Winter Olympics, and providean impetus for the breakthrough development of national fitness and the construction of a leading sports nation. The speeches and statements embody the features of the new era, carry profound historical connotations, and have important practical significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION ABILITY OF CHINA'S SPORT

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The Beneficial Health Outcomes of Maternal Exercise in offspring: From an Epigenetic Point of View SHI Haiwang, DUAN Rui 2022, 48 (1):  8-13.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.002 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (1711KB) ( 696 )   Save Mom’s unhealthy life style and/or living environment before childbirth can lead to significant increased risksfor the development of the fetus, and growth of the child. Many studies showed that regular maternal exercise has long-term positive health benefits in offspring, including but not limited to reducing the incidence of age-related diseases. We summarized the recent publications regarding the "reprogramming" effects of maternal exercise on fetal development through epigenetic regulations and discussed its mechanisms. This review may provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the in-depth studies of the intergenerational effects of maternal exercise. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global unity, multi-level dialogue, and emotional resonance: Tone, path, and vision of international communication for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics in the digital era ZHONG Xin, JIANG Xiancheng 2022, 48 (1):  14-20.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.003 Abstract ( 951 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 701 )   Save The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will be mainly communicated to the world through digital technologiesin line with the development trajectory of immersive and personalized mediatization of sports events. China should seize the opportunities brought by digital communication to realize the unity of domestic and international communication, and the unity of national and international spirit, with "global unity" as the key tone. China should involve all Chinese people in the communication system of the Winter Olympic Games to realize the integratedcommunication of stories about the Olympic Games events, the athletes,the organization of the Games, the host city, the host country, and the global sports fans or general publics. China should make the stories more informative, more entertaining, and more accessible to world viewers. China should give full play to the differentiated communication potentials of athletes, media, government, and people at home and abroad, and promote the multifaceted interaction and extensive dialogues among different people. The international communication of Beijing Winter Olympic Games should take the spirit of fair competition and striving for progress as the original ideological core and the spirit of a community with a shared future for mankind as the ultimate goal. With the efforts of all, China will try to present a credible, lovable, and respectable national image, and promote the global public to achieve emotional resonance and enhance the courage to fight the COVID-19 pandemic together. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Paths to Promote the "Five Abilities" of China's International Sport Communication WEI Wei 2022, 48 (1):  21-25.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.004 Abstract ( 428 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 599 )   Save The construction of international sport communication abilities is embodied in the construction of "five abilities". To enhance the international communication influence of Chinese sports, Chinese "sports people", domestic sports mega-events and professional sports leagues, the international communication influences of Chinese sports media and sports art &humanities, sociology need to be involved. To enhance Chinese sports cultural appeal is to make sports with values with Chinese characteristics more centripetal and influential in international communication. To enhance the affinity of Chinese sports image, it is necessary to implement accurate communication methodologies and promote the global expression of Chinese sports stories and Chinese sports voices. To improve the persuasiveness of Chinese sports discourse, efforts should be made from the aspects of leadership in international sports organizations, language rights in sports discourse right/power and discourse expression skills. To enhance the leadership of Chinese international sports public opinion, it is to make Chinese sports stories become the focus of international public opinion through specific agenda settings and story narratives. In order to meet the challenges faced by China's international sport communication, it is necessary to build a team of theoretical talents to adapt to the new era of international sport communication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Paths to Optimize Sports Texts in China's International Communication HUANG Jiuqing, CHEN Chun 2022, 48 (1):  26-28.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.005 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1115KB) ( 596 )   Save As a world language, sports is one of the best topics to arouse people's emotional resonance, and an area to enhance the positive international image of China. As an important part of international communication, China's sports texts still face such problems as monotonous contents, weak sports culture foundation, inadequate response to crisis events, poor multi-channel expressions of sports contents. Based on the Tokyo Olympic Games and the sports communication texts on international social networks in recent years, this paper discusses through content analysis the issues that China should pay attention to in international sports communication in the future. The issues include avoiding the periodical silence in reporting sports events and people, communicating China`s national sportsmanship, actively responding to sports crisis events, and broadening the international communication channels of sports contents. By doing so can we enhance the international communication ability of Chinese sports and contribute to building a good sports outlook and international image of China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SOCIAL SCIENCE

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Historical Formation of Sports ——Subject Reflections on "Sports Fundamentals"Based on Textbooks WANG Guanghu, RAN Xuedong 2022, 48 (1):  29-38.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.006 Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (1246KB) ( 691 )   Save Sports, as a relatively independent human activity in human society, is a product of history. Therefore, the compilation of Basic Principles of Physical Education should clarify the object, nature, and characteristics of sports activities based on a full understanding of the historical conditions and significance of the formation of sports history, and achieve the historical and logical consistency in understanding sports by taking historical materialism as its guidance, the historical development of human society as its basis, and human activity divergence as its perspective. However, the compilation of Basic Principles of Physical Education in more than 100 years is far from meeting the goal, although it underwent changes in text labels from "principle", through "theory" and "concept" to "fundamentals" in different historical periods. In the new era of new liberal arts construction, the compilation of Basic Principles of Physical Education should attach importance to: intrinsic nature-cognition of objects based on ontology; industrial revolution-analysis of motivation based on epistemology; human activities-analysis of characteristics based on methodology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breakthrough, Advancement and Achievement: the Dramatic Changes in Chinese Table Tennis Movement in 1949-1978 LI Rongzhi, YU Jincheng 2022, 48 (1):  39-44.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.007 Abstract ( 437 )   PDF (1468KB) ( 746 )   Save 1949-1978 was an important turning period in table tennis development in China, when table tennis movement made breakthroughs and advancements, and eventually established its leading position in the world. This present paper, based on the "opportunity-trajectory" theory, examines the historical changes and development trajectories of Chinese table tennis movement in the 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China to reveal its development characteristics under the combined influence of historical changes, social development, and Chinese sports development. It is found that Chinese competitive table tennis began to make breakthroughs and advancements in the 1950s. After reaching its glory in the 1960s, it fell into a trough due to the influence of the Cultural Revolution. In the 1970s, table tennis diplomacy became a bridge between China and the world, and Chinese table tennis came onto the world stage through innovation and reform. Political orientation was the dominant feature of table tennis development in China in 1949-1978. The rapid development of table tennis in China at this stage was mainly promoted by: (1) the economy and practicality of table tennis at the time; (2) the strong guarantee of the whole nation system; (3) seizing the historical opportunities timely; (4) the strong promotion from ping-pong diplomacy among other factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Writing of Sports Memorabilia from the Perspective of National History DAI Yu, WU Yingbing, LIU Qing, CUI Li, WANG Hongjiang, CHEN Mo, HE Wenhua 2022, 48 (1):  45-48.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.008 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (1136KB) ( 623 )   Save Memorabilia is an important genre to record sports history. Based on the compilation practice of Sports Memorabilia of the People' Republic of China (1949-2019), a sub program of the national social science major project Sports History of the People's Republic of China (1949-2019), this paper discusses the theoretical problems of sports memorabilia. The research shows that the advantage of sports memorabilia lies in showing the complexity and diversity of sports process in an all-round way by taking big events as the key link, taking time as the order, and restoring the original scene and historical context of sports occurrence and development. The selection of "event items" in sports memorabilia should adhere to the criteria of integrating major events, important events, special events and new events. The writing principle of memorabilia should conform to the requirements of keeping "key elements" complete, "recording every item independently", making the overall structure coordinated and orderly, and ensuring language refined. The overall compilation of memorabilia should follow the chronological order, supplemented by the background of chronicles. In short, sports memorabilia, as a systematic diachronic record of major sports events in a given historical period and with implicit three-dimensional structure from the perspective of national history, plays a fundamental and supporting role in the study of sports history. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultural Interpretation of E-sports Development Dilemma in China JIANG Yi, SUN Ke, XIONG Shuang 2022, 48 (1):  49-54.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.009 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (1175KB) ( 702 )   Save E-sports, originated from western cultural context and greatly characterized by western culture, is a pioneering culture in modern civilization. However, its development in China is affected by the constraints derived from the difference between western culture and the local culture. The study suggests that: some cultural characteristics of e-sports are not in line with the traditional Chinese value; there is a big gap between the existing domestic sports culture and the mature social sports cultural foundation that e-sports depends on; the star-making mode in e-sports industry is contrary to the pattern of talent cultivation advocated by Chinese cultural tradition. Suggestions: stepping up industrial supervision, upgrading its connotation, encouraging the development of more e-sports products that conform to Chinese social and cultural psychology; taking physical exercise as the starting point, enriching the leisure lifestyle to create a relaxed external environment for the development of e-sports; improving social awareness of the industry, and fostering a pluralistic outlook on talent development to strengthen the talent base for the development of e-sports industry in China. Looking forward to the future, the development of e-sports in China will inevitably undergo a tough path full of twists and turns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL TOPICS OF SPORTS INDUSTRY

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Index Measurement and Comprehensive Evaluation of High-quality Developmentof Sports Industry ——Taking Shanghai as an Example KANG Lu, HUANG Haiyan 2022, 48 (1):  55-63.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.010 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (2716KB) ( 763 )   Save The construction of the index system and the establishment of the evaluation and operation mechanism are the core links of the construction of the institutional environment for the high-quality development of sports industry in the new era. On the basis of explaining the connotation of the high-quality development of sports industry, the evaluation index system is constructed. Taking Shanghai as an example, the "vertical" scale, reference value comparison method, obstacle degree model is adopted to make index measurement and comprehensive evaluation. Research shows: the factors are mainly concentrated in the aspects of industrial scale, industrial foundation, and industrial structure; the high-quality level of sports industry in Shanghai is generally on the rise; the structure optimization of sports industry in Shanghai is not ideal and the production efficiency is slow, which has a certain inhibitory effect on the high-quality development of sports industry in Shanghai; the power index, industry scale index, and industrial efficiency index of sports industry in Shanghai perform well. In response to the problems reflected in the index, suggestions are given to improve the statistical standard system, optimize the structure of sports industry, promote the innovation and upgrading of sports consumption, and enhance the innovation power of sports industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of COVID-19 on and the Post-pandemic High-quality Development of Sports Industry from the Perspective of Industrial Relevance Structure HUANG Qian, CAO Meijuan, CUI Shuqin, LI Shuairan, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Lu 2022, 48 (1):  64-72.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.011 Abstract ( 785 )   PDF (1856KB) ( 588 )   Save In order to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the development of Chinese sports industry, this study uses input-output analysis and network analysis to study the correlation characteristics and industrial relevance network structure of Chinese sports industry from the perspective of industrial relevance structure. On this basis, the paper analyzes the reasons why COVID-19 has a great impact on Chinese sports industry, discovering the defects of the industrial relevance structure of sports industry exposed under the impact of COVID-19, and constructs a post-pandemic high-quality development path for Chinese sports industry. The study finds that the final demand-oriented industrial relevance characteristics, asymmetric industrial relevance structure and special direct network of Chinese sports industry are the important reasons for the impact of the COVID-19 on sports industry. In order to achieve the post-pandemic high-quality development of sports industry, the industrial relevance structure should be adjusted from four aspects: balancing the internal structure of sports industry, expanding the downstream chain of sports industry, expanding the scope of sports industry, and building a clustered development pattern of sports industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sports foundation property ownership and legislative choice ——Based on the concept of public trust legal person ZHANG Wenge 2022, 48 (1):  73-78.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.012 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (1168KB) ( 552 )   Save The property ownership of sports foundation is not clearly defined in the existing legislation, so the property value and function cannot be clearly defined by law. Although the general provisions of the civil law listed the legal status of foundations as non-profit legal persons, such legal persons could not reflect the value tension and public trust function of sports foundations. In the special laws such as the trust law, they were listed and expressed by public welfare behaviors and social organizations in a macroscopic way. In this case, in order to maximize the public value tension and property trust function of sports foundation, and to clarify its property ownership, the legislation should choose the specific legal person type that conforms to sports foundation. Therefore, the legal person status and property ownership of sports foundation should be coordinated in the legal system, and the legislative expression in the special law should be: sports foundation is a non-profit public trust legal person and enjoys the property ownership of the legal person. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Improvement of Rural Public Sports Service Effectiveness under the Strategy of Rural Revitalization ZHOU Mingyang, XIE Zhengyang, ZHANG Ying, MIAO Lv 2022, 48 (1):  79-84.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.013 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (1176KB) ( 676 )   Save By means of literature and logical analysis, this present paper studies the problem of improving the rural public sports services efficiency under the background of rural revitalization strategy. The study reveals that: rural public sports services in China present three major trends: from single-dimensional development to multi-dimensional integration, from marginal aphasia to focusing on the center, and from function basis to the pursuit of health. However, the services face such obstacles as significant gap across different regions, poor identification of needs, insufficient integration of resources, low utilization of resources, and insufficient combination of management elements. On this basis, this paper proposes the paths to improve the efficiency of rural public sports services, which mainly include: promoting inter-regional balanced development, enhancing self-hematopoietic ability, taking farmers as the center, strengthening demand traction, enhancing the ability to integrate resources, and giving full play to government regulation and the market mechanism, accelerating the rational allocation of resources, increasing the utilization rate of tangible and intangible resources, removing the obstacles of institutional mechanism, and realizing the organic integration of management elements. References | Related Articles | Metrics

RESEARCH ON SPORTS EVENTS

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Home Advantage in the Winter Olympic Events and Its Implications for China's Preparation towards 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games HE Yiman, OU Xinrong, HU Xu, LIN Meng, LI Juan, TIAN Hui 2022, 48 (1):  85-91.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.014 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (2282KB) ( 611 )   Save Objective: This study aims to explore the features of home advantage in Winter Olympic events, and put forward China's preparation strategies towards the Beijing 2022 Winter Games. Methods: All events in the last 10 Winter Olympics were included and grouped into (1) events at variable venues, with subjective judgement and other events; (2) events on ice and on snow; (3) men's, women's and mixed events. The effects of home advantage in all events were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Significant home advantage is found in: (1) events at variable venues and with subjective judgement (0.05＜P＜0.1; P＜0.05); (2) ice events on the whole (P＜0.01) and ice events at variable venues (P＜0.05); (3) snow events with subjective judgement (P＜0.05); and (4) men's events (P＜0.01), which showed home advantage regardless of differences in familiarity with venues and subjective judgement. Conclusion: Home advantage varies for different types of Winter Olympic events. Familiarity with the venues, subjective judgement and gender are possible correlates of home advantage. Implications: When preparing for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games, China should (1) adopt COVID-specific preparation strategies to strengthen its home advantage; (2) adopt different development strategies for ice and snow events; (3) address the differences in psychology and performance between male and female athletes to bring out the best possible performances. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Formulation of Emergency Response Plan for Large Sports Events in China WANG Quansheng, WANG Meng 2022, 48 (1):  92-97.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.015 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 690 )   Save It is very important to make contingency plans for large-scale sports events to ensure the safety and smooth operation. However, the formulation of contingency plans for large-scale sports events involves the design of the main body, procedure and content. Research suggests that according to the situation of large-scale sports events held in China and the requirements of emergency plan system construction, the main body of emergency plan for large-scale sports events is limited to the State Council, the provincial people's government and the people's government of cities divided into districts, but sports administration departments at the corresponding levels should take a leading role in drafting plans by organizing relevant government departments, experts, scholars, social groups to form a pre-plan preparation group. The formulation of emergency plans shall follow due procedures, make risk identification and assessment, carry out emergency resources investigation, strengthen coordination among different departments, collect extensive opinions, etc. When a plan is finished, it should be submitted to the State Council, the provincial people's government or the people's government of cities divided into districts for approval and implementation. The content of emergency plans should comply with laws and regulations as well as the provisions of the upper emergency plan, and the emergency organization, early warning mechanism, emergency disposal mechanism and emergency guarantee mechanism should be standardized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deconstruction and Optimization of CBA League Industry Value Chain FENG Lei, LIAN Bizhen, SANG Peihu, ZHANG Chengyi, LIU Ruidong 2022, 48 (1):  98-103.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.016 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (1326KB) ( 695 )   Save The CBA League is the pioneer and demonstrator of the Chinese professional sports league. Through expert interviews and field investigations, based on the value chain theory, clarify the composition of the CBA league value chain and propose optimization strategies to provide theoretical support for the value management of the CBA league and other professional leagues in China. Main conclusions: (1) The CBA league value chain can be divided into internal and external value chains. The CBA internal value chain consists of 9 value activities, which are the main venues for holding competitions and providing services. The external value chain of CBA is composed of supply value chain, channel value chain and buyer value chain, which is an indispensable support for the development and growth of CBA. (2) CBA implements a brand upgrade plan to promote the training of "three members" in the value chain, game viewing, marketing, commercial sponsorship, ticket operation and other value activities to improve the quality and efficiency. There are still shortcomings in value links such as product development. It is recommended to implement the "CBA Star Making Plan", improve service quality, and strengthen the development of derivatives. (3) Under the situation of "empty games", strengthen the CBA value chain management, innovate Internet watching scenes and consumption models, control operating costs, and achieve a steady increase in the value of the CBA industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL TOPICS OF CHINESE FOOTBALL

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The Time Implication of Football Match under the Perspective of Time Philosophy ZHANG Xiaolu, TIAN Qiang, GAO Pengfei 2022, 48 (1):  104-110.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.017 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (1191KB) ( 644 )   Save This paper explores the relationship between the internal elements of football game and time from the perspective of time philosophy, and makes a multi-level and multi-dimensional interpretation of the time implication of football game, which is of important theoretical value and practical significance. Under the philosophy of time, football match is carried out and completed in certain "domain" of time, and the dialectical relationship between time and space jointly promotes the "entrance", "presence" and "appearance" of all elements in football match.This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the value production, technological change, tactical innovation and the time implication of subject participation in football match. The research believes that time is the inherent element of value production in football match; time is the guiding and driving force of technological innovation in football match; time creates the attacking and defending space in football match; time influences the participation efficiency of the subject in football match. Looking at the football match from the perspective of time can help us to understand the inherent law and grasp the connotation of football match deeply and systematically, so as to guide football training and match practice better. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Football is Medicine: Origin, Development and Potential Prospect YU Liang 2022, 48 (1):  111-116.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.018 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (1818KB) ( 555 )   Save Since the 1990s, recreational football and public health promotion has become a primary focus in the field of international football researches. This study first expounds the developmental history and mechanism of "Football is Medicine" by conducting a systematic review. Then this study describes the significance of leading the public to understand the essence of football, encouraging the public to participate in football to develop the public football culture based on "Football is Medicine" theories. In order to contribute more to public health promotion and public football system construction, Chinese football researchers and physical education workers should draw on the experiences of "Football is Medicine" to make more contributions in popularizing recreational football small-sided games in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Why the National Football Team is Criticized ——Influence of Online Reviews and the Moderating Effect of Understanding Degree ZHANG Tian, SUN Hui, LIU Mina 2022, 48 (1):  117-122.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.019 Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (1213KB) ( 733 )   Save In order to explore the influence of online reviews on the perception of the national football team. Participants were asked to fill in the test on understanding of the national football team and the perception test on the national football image after reading the news reports and virtual network reviews about the national football team. The results show: (1) the more positive the review is, the more positive the participants' perception of the national football team's image will be; (2) the more the national football team is understood, the more positive the participants' perception of the national football image will be; (3) in the relationships concerning the influence of online reviews on the image perception of the national football team, participants' understanding of the national football team plays a moderating role, that is, when the participants have a high level of understanding of the national football team, the image perception of the national football team is at a high level regardless of the reviews, but if the understanding of the national football team drops, and the direction of online reviews changes from positive to negative, the image perception of the national football team will drop too. The findings indicate that news media, netizens and spectators of sports events, sports teams and athletes need to work together to build a favorable network public opinion environment for sports and social development in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS TRAINING AND HUMAN BODY

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Questioning and Thinking: Should Cold Therapy Be Abandoned in the Rehabilitation of Soft Tissue Injuries? WANG Ziru, NI Guoxin 2022, 48 (1):  123-128.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.020 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (1206KB) ( 582 )   Save Cold therapy has been always utilized as an immediate treatment after acute soft-tissue injury. However, due to its potential negative effects on delaying the healing and recovery process of the injured site, whether it should be discarded in the clinical practice in the treatment of acute injuries has become a hot topic in sports medicine and rehabilitation medicine. This article summarizes the related doubts about the effectiveness of cold therapy, especially traditional cooling application, including its ability to reduce the local temperature, impacts on tissue recovery and regeneration process, and effects on functional performance. Meanwhile, the current article also brings the thought regarding the application of cold therapy and points out that the current controversy over the effectiveness of cold therapy is mostly due to the low-quality or heterogeneous research, or evidence with animal samples. Investigating the key elements related to the prescription of cold therapy (e.g., duration, frequency, etc.) is an important basis for seeking the best guideline of its application. Therefore, it is recommended to further determine the efficacy of cold therapy through high-quality research, and to continue validating new alternative cold modalities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of Isometric Mid-thigh Pull Test in Lower Body Muscular Strength Evaluation LU Heng, XU Yilin, WANG Ran 2022, 48 (1):  129-135.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.021 Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (1368KB) ( 682 )   Save As a multi-joint isometric test, the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is commonly used to evaluate athletes' lower body strength and power. With the portability of the testing device, IMTP has been used in high-performance sports worldwide. However, its application in China has never been reported before. Existing literature shows that the IMTP is more efficient and less fatigable compared with traditional dynamic test and single-joint isometric test. Besides, peak force, rate of force development, and impulse derived from the IMTP force-time curve are highly reliable and correlated with strength, power, sprint, and change-of-direction. Coaches and researchers could use IMTP to evaluate performance profile and monitor the training process, understand the training status and adaptation, and optimize training programs to further improve athletes' performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Tool for Load Management: Research Progress of the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio JIN Naijing, HONG Shaonan, MI Jing, ZHAO Yanpeng 2022, 48 (1):  136-142.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.022 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (1231KB) ( 557 )   Save The acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is a new load management tool in recent years. Some studies believe that ACWR is a useful tool to identify athletes' injury risk, while other studies believe that there is no inevitable association between ACWR and injury risk. Moreover, different studies have not reached a complete consensus on the calculation method of ACWR. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin and development of ACWR, discuss the calculation method, function and possible mechanism of ACWR, and then provide suggestions for athletes' load management and sports injury protection. This study shows that: in team sports, (1) The best calculation method of the average load and time windows should be selected according to the sport-specific schedule of competition and training; compared with classification models, it is more accurate to analyze the relationship between ACWR and sports injury risk using a multivariate model with continuous variables, and (2) Higher ACWR may increase the risk of injury by increasing neuromuscular and psychological fatigue, while higher chronic load may reduce the risk of injury by improving the athlete's fitness. References | Related Articles | Metrics