Table of Content

15 September 2021, Volume 47 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

MAJOR PROJECTS OF THE NATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE FUND OF CHINA

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The Study on the Rapid Accumulation Phase of Winter Olympic Legacies SUN Baoli, LIU Shi, ZHU Zhiqiang, ZHAO Xiaoyu, FENG Ya'nan, SU Guibin, WU Xiaohua 2021, 47 (5):  1-6.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.001 Abstract ( 1939 )   PDF (1423KB) ( 621 )   Save The evolutionhistoryof Olympic legacies reflects the continuous development of the Olympic movement for more than a hundred years. The changes of Winter Olympic legacies in different phases have witnessed this relationship. Based on the methods of literature research and historical analysis, this present paper investigates the development and evolution of Winter Olympic legacies during the rapid accumulation phase (1960-1992). The research suggests that the legacies of the Olympic movement in ideology system, organizational system and activity system have rapidly accumulated during this phase, and the legaciesin the sports field and other related fields of host city and country have also achieved greater progress. One of the highlights of the legacies in this phase is that both host city and country strive to achieve significant development by hosting the Winter Olympic Games. The second highlight is the reform of the Olympic movement to promote the significant development of Winter Olympic legacies. However, due to the Olympic movement needs to face the challenges of society and the times, the International Olympic Committee and the host cities and countries need to coordinate and resolve more problems when hosting the Winter Olympic Games. The research shows that during the rapid accumulation phase of Winter Olympic legacies, the IOC has led the Olympic family to achieve important progress in the rapid accumulation of Winter Olympic legacies. However, how to achieve sustainable development in this process is what the Olympic family needs to explore in the future. The rapid accumulation phase of Winter Olympic legacies is the third stage of the development of Winter Olympic legacies and is an important phase for the development of Winter Olympic legacies from the primary stage to the advanced stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on the Academic Quality of Sports Historical Materials of P.R. China ——Based on the Subproject Research Practices of "Sports Historical Materials of P.R. China" WANG Shaoli, PAN Hua 2021, 47 (5):  7-12.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.002 Abstract ( 631 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 629 )   Save Historical materials are the foundation ofhistorical research. Research on Sports History in P.R. China 1949-2019has special significance because of its national history writing; therefore, higher requirements on academic quality of historical materials are needed. Based on the goal of building a foundation for national sport history, the collection of sports historical materials in P.R. China should adhere to historical materialism and the truth-seeking historical and scientific attribute in order to meet the need to compile the general history of sport, provide supporting evidence for the narrative framework and fulfil the function of problem-driven research. The solid sport historical materials will leave a precious "national sport memory" for the research of sports history in P.R. China and will be conducive to the discipline construction of sport history with Chinese characteristics in the new era. References | Related Articles | Metrics

TECHNOLOGIES GIVE BOOST TO BEIJING WINTER OLYMPICS

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An Analysis of the Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity of the National Speed Skating Team WANG Yuehua, YANG Ming 2021, 47 (5):  13-17.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.003 Abstract ( 781 )   PDF (1239KB) ( 580 )   Save Objective: To analyze the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of the National Speed Skating Team to provide reference for it to prepare for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Methods: 45 national speed skating team athletes were divided into short-, medium-, long-distance groups to receive power cycling increasing load experiment and 30 s Wingate anaerobic experiment respectively, and the test results of the 3 groups were compared and analyzed. Results: (1) The absolute value of maximum oxygen uptake, the relative value of maximum oxygen uptake and the maximum power in men's long-distance group are significantly higher than those in short-distance group and medium-distance distance group (P<0.01), the lactic acid threshold power in short-distance group and medium-distance group are significantly lower than that in long-distance group (P<0.05), the lactic acid threshold power in women's medium-distance group and long-distance group are significantly higher than that in short-distance group (P<0.05); (2) The absolute value and relative value of maximum anaerobic power, anaerobic power decline rate, and peak blood lactate in men's short-distance group were significantly higher than those in medium-distance group and long-distance group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). The relative values of average anaerobic power in short-distance group and medium-distance group were significantly higher than that in long-distance group (P＜0.05). The absolute value of maximum anaerobic power in women's long-distance group was significantly lower than that in short-distance group (P＜0.05). the anaerobic power decline rates in both short-distance group and medium-distance group were significantly higher that in long-distance group (P＜0.05); (3) The decline rate of anaerobic power of male athletes in short-distance group is significantly higher than that of female athletes in the same group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: (1) Men's short-distance group has better anaerobic ability than medium-distance group and long-distance group and is at the world-class level. Although the aerobic ability of medium-distance group is better than that of long-distance group, both its aerobic ability and anaerobic ability are significantly lower than that of world top athletes. Although the aerobic capacity of long-distance group is better than those of short-distance group and medium-distance group, there is a gap with the world level; (2) The aerobic endurance of women's medium-distance group and long-distance group is better than that of short-distance group. The specific athletic ability of each group is not outstanding, and there is a big gap with the world level; (3) The fatigue rate of men's and women's long-distance groups is significantly lower than that of short-distance group and medium-distance group, and the fatigue rate of the National Speed Skating Team is comparatively high. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy Contributions of 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m Simulated Speed Skating in Young Skaters LI Bo, WANG Xinxin, YANG Wei, SHANG Lei, FU Le, CHEN Xiaoping, LI Yongming 2021, 47 (5):  18-23.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.004 Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (1376KB) ( 646 )   Save Purpose: The energy contribution is a vital component of sport profile. However, energy contribution of simulated speed skating race on ice is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy contributions in simulated 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m speed skating races with young skaters. Methods: Young skaters of provincial level volunteered to participate in 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m simulated speed skating races. A portable spirometric system was used to measure gas metabolism and heart rate. Capillary blood was taken from the ear lobe during and after the races, and analyzed for lactate afterwards. The energy contributions were calculated with the method based on fast component of oxygen uptake off-kinetics, accumulated blood lactate and oxygen uptake during test. Results: Average finishing time in the simulated races was 90.58±1.94 ~ 92.40±1.64% of personal best during last season. There were no significant differences in peak heart rate (174.96±6.26 ~ 179.25±10.98 bpm), oxygen uptake (37.02±3.35 ~ 42.74±6.55 ml/min/kg) and blood lactate (12.29±1.65 ~ 13.34±2.61 mM) in different distances (P>0.05). The anaerobic alactic (31.32±8.23 ~ 36.65±5.46 kJ, P>0.05) and anaerobic lactic (37.99±12.97 ~ 45.71±11.92 kJ, P>0.05) energy contributions were not significantly different, but aerobic energy contributions increased significantly (26.27±6.10 < 55.87±7.18 <105.73±23.68 kJ, P<0.05) in longer distances. In longer distances, the relative anaerobic alactic (32.91±5.70 < 27.39±4.39 < 18.84±2.67%) and anaerobic lactic (39.23±5.82 < 30.99±6.34 < 24.40±2.88%) energy contributions decreased, while the relative aerobic energy contributions increased (27.86±4.65 < 41.63±5.02 < 56.76±2.14%), with the differences significnat only in relative of anaerobic lactic and aerobic energy contributions between 500 m and 1 500 m(P<0.05). Conclusion: The relative aerobic energy contributions increased in longer race distances. It is suggested that Chinese young skaters would benefit from the improvement of their aerobic capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

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A Study on the Focal Problems and Governance Practice of Physical Literacy Promotion in Australian Adolescents ZHAO Fuxue, LV Ke, LI Lin 2021, 47 (5):  24-30.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.005 Abstract ( 604 )   PDF (1384KB) ( 747 )   Save Physical literacy promotion in Australian adolescents has formed a complete structural framework and implementation system, which has certain reference value and implications for the theoretical research and practical operation of physical literacy promotion in adolescents in China. Using the methods of literature, case analysis and comparative reasoning, this paper makes a systematic study on the focal problems and governance practice of physical literacy promotion in Australian adolescents. The research shows that poor living habits, declining sports ability, imbalance of mental health, limited cognitive ability, lack of social ability are the main problems facing the physical literacy promotion in Australian adolescents. The constructionand implementation of Australian Physical Literacy Framework has greatly promoted and improvedthe physical, psychological, social, cognitiveliteracy and ability of Australia adolescents, and promoted the governance practice of physical literacy promotion in adolescents into a complete system and path as well. Based on the analysis of the problems and experience of physical literacy promotion in Australian adolescents, we can construct the theoretical structure and practice system of physical literacy promotionin adolescents in China to improve the guidance level and quality of physical literacypromotion in adolescentsby defining the scope of physical literacy promotion in line with the characteristics of the adolescent group in China, developing a program for physical literacypromotion in adolescents in China, actively carrying out international exchanges, and improving resource supplies for physical literacy promotion in adolescents toalign with the concept of "active health". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Core Literacy-oriented Integration of Physical Education Curriculum in Primary and Secondary Schools: Taiwan's Experience and Enlightenment ZHANG Lei 2021, 47 (5):  31-38.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.006 Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (2510KB) ( 637 )   Save Promoting the core literacy-oriented integration of physical education curriculum in primary and secondary schools is of great significance. By analyzing the curriculum policy texts and in-depth interviews, this paper excavates three important experiences from the core literacy-oriented integration of physical education curriculum in primary and secondary schools in the Taiwan region of China: (1) Scientifically design the core literacy system in integrating sports disciplines in primary and secondary schools by referring to “the development of students' core literacy”; (2) Plan learning priorities, and systematically construct an integrated content system of physical education curriculum in primary and secondary schools; (3) Optimize the integrated physical education curriculum system in primary and secondary schools on the whole through two-dimensional, two-way inspection. The main enlightenment for the construction of the core literacy-oriented integration of physical education curriculum in primary and secondary schools in the mainland area includes: (1) Systematically construct an integrated core literacy system of physical education “from primary school through junior high school to high school” ; (2) Construct the integrated physical education curriculum system in primary and secondary schools with “content integration” as the key component; (3) Pay attention to the guiding role of core literacy of physical education discipline in constructing the integrated physical education curriculum content in primary and secondary schools. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Cultivation of Youth Physical Literacy from the Perspective of Cultural Response Teaching JIANG Yong, ZHU Meixiao, ZHAO Hongbo 2021, 47 (5):  39-44.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.007 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (1470KB) ( 659 )   Save Objective: The development of youth sports literacy, as the key to measure the effectiveness of youth sports work, has become an important widely-concerned issue. By using the methods of documents and logic analysis, and integrating the connotation and characteristics of cultural response teaching, this present paper deeply analyzes the cultural response characteristics of youth sports literacy, namely the integrity of the structure, the generated logic and the difference of expression. Then, from the perspective of cultural response teaching, this paper proposes the cultivation path of youth sports literacy, which includes exploring the cultural connotation of physical education curriculum, strengthening the construction of integrated physical education curriculum, creating the whole process of cultural response teaching, strengthening the construction of home-school-community coordinated education, and improving teachers' response consciousness and ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of the Implementation Concept and Participation Standards in Youth Basketball Guidelines and Their Implications WAN Hong 2021, 47 (5):  45-51.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.008 Abstract ( 650 )   PDF (1342KB) ( 707 )   Save In order to create a basketball environment for youth development, improve the basketball skills of youth at different age segments, as well as enable them participate in and enjoy basketball games, the American Basketball Association and NBA League jointly issued Youth Basketball Guidelines (hereinafter referred to as "Guidelines"). This present paper systematically interprets the formulation background, implementation strategy, operation mechanism of "Guidelines", aiming to provide reference value and implications for the promotion and popularization of youth basketball in China, and deepen the content of sports-education integration. The research shows that: American youth are encouraged to participate in multiple basketball games in a happy, scientific, quantitative, fair and standardized way. In order to prevent the early sports specialization, the Guidelines formulates the participation rules and standards, as well as the special specifications for youth at different age segments, and details the age segmentation for youth participation. On this basis, this paper puts forward that the development of youth basketball in China should closely follow the state policies and youth's healthy physical and mental development pattern; give full play to the authority of industry associations; and at the same time, construct reasonable loads and age groups to promote youth development in a healthy and fair way. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of Pre PLAy and Its Enlightenment ZHAO Yaping, SUN Jinhai, CHEN Sitong, CAI Jie 2021, 47 (5):  52-58.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.009 Abstract ( 631 )   PDF (1295KB) ( 751 )   Save The assessment of physical literacy is a hot topic in physical education and research at home and abroad, while few physical literacy assessment tools have been developed for preschool children. Using the methods of literature review and comparative analysis, this paper interprets Pre PLAy, a relatively mature assessment tool for preschool children's physical literacy. It is found that the tool has 5 features: focusing on the initial stage of life cycle, embodying the essentials of physical literacy in assessment content, following the philosophy of applying mature tool, easy to operate, and reflecting individual's unique journey in assessment standard. Enlightenment for the assessment of preschool children's physical literacy in China: First, strengthening the assessment of preschool children's participatory motivation, movement competency and activity confidence to inspire their enthusiasm that "I want to play", movement ability that "I am good at play" and confidence that "I can play". Second, in terms of assessment methods, paying attention to children's movement in daily life, and their consistency in doing movement, and improving assessment feasibility and children's participation so as to give play to the long-term role of assessment in children's life cycle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

INTEGRATION OF SPORTS AND MEDICINE, INTEGRATION OF SPORTS AND EDUCATION

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Study on the Evaluation Index System for the Construction of Sports-Medicine Integration Demonstration Zone TIAN Xueli, ZHAO Xiuhan 2021, 47 (5):  59-64.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.010 Abstract ( 649 )   PDF (2009KB) ( 693 )   Save Constructing the sports-medicine integration demonstration zone plays an important role in exploring the feasible path for the integration of sports and medicine. In order to scientifically evaluate the construction of demonstration zone, this paper studies the evaluation index system for the construction of sports-medicine integration demonstration zone by means of literature review, expert investigation and analytic hierarchy process. The results show that sports-medicine integration demonstration zone is approved by the government departments, and plays a leading role in disease management and health care services by integrating the technology, resources and discourse power of sports and medicine through system and mechanism innovation. On this basis, this paper constructs an evaluation system consisting of 6 first level indicators, 15 second level indicators and 54 third level indicators. The core element of the construction of sports-medicine integration demonstration zone is service construction with the focus on the construction of service type system including sports fitness guidance, chronic disease prevention, etc; the key element is government support with the focus on the government's special development plan; the basic element is infrastructure construction with the focus on the construction of sports and medicine talent pool such as sports pharmacists and chronic disease rehabilitation instructors; the essential element is management construction with the focus on the construction of collaborative institutions including all participatory subjects; the guarantee element is safety construction, including daily guarantee to ensure process safety and first-aid guarantee to deal with emergencies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Current Status and Trends of Smart Sports Research ZHENG Yu, GAO Zhanle, JIN Yu, LIN Tao, FANG Xin, HUANG Luping, YUAN QiongJia 2021, 47 (5):  65-72.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.011 Abstract ( 1530 )   PDF (6141KB) ( 877 )   Save Objective: The deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and sports economy is drawing ever-increasing scholarly attention to smart sports. This present papercollected 2736 documents published in Web of Science in 2011-2020, then conductedbibliometric and visual analysis, and finally used Citespace software to make co-citation analysis of basic conditions and research progress. Results show thatin the past decade, the number of publications on smart sports has been on the rise, especially after 2015, the number of publications has increased dramatically. Among them, the United States has contributed the largest number of publications and had the highest centrality. Universities in the United States, Britain and China are the main forces in smart sports research. Many journals have published articles, while the impact factor gap between journals is large. YI LU, RUOYU WANG, and JACQUELINE KERR have made important contributions in this field. Research hotspots have centered around the three major categories of “algorithms”, “sensor measurement”, and “medical healthcare”. The research frontier has been the execution system of health monitoring and management, which can seamlessly integrate various wearable sensors, and the fusion algorithm integrates metabolism, physical activity level and physiological health indicators. In future, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between various disciplines, and between domestic and foreign institutions and scholars; sports big data technology in China is comparatively weak, and smart sports science research is still in its infancy, so it is necessary to strengthen research on this subject; moresophisticated automated testing and intellectual data analysis will open up a new path for national fitness and “sports-medicine integration”, and help improve the national health and quality of life in a better way. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Construction of Physical Education Community from the Perspective of "Integration of Sports and Education" ——Based on Theory of Social Systems XU Zhixing, XIA Siyong 2021, 47 (5):  73-78.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.012 Abstract ( 1342 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 740 )   Save The aim of "deepening the integration of sports and education" is to bringsports back to education. In practice, it requires family, school and community to work together to construct physical education community to realize this integration. Currently, building physical education community in China is faced with 4 major problems: physical education in school is separated from reality and limited within campus; physical education in family is overlooked and has limited function; physical education in communityis difficult to carry out and lacks vitality; and utilitarian education philosophy affects people's attitudes towards sport. Based on the theory of social systems, this paper studies how family, school, society and attitude operate as a unique functional system and its demand, advantage, responsibilities and obligations in conducting physical education. Three strategies areproposed to promote the integration of sports and education: strengthen systemsinteraction to promote structural coupling; consolidate the common foundation to cultivate people's attitudestowards sports; parties concerned assume key responsibilities and make up for shortcomings in practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS HISTORY AND SPORTS CULTURE COMMUNICATOIN

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Anomie May Become A Normal State: A Perspective on Understanding the Anomie in Sports Culture and Ethical Belief during the Transition Period WANG Zhihui 2021, 47 (5):  79-86.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.013 Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (1304KB) ( 644 )   Save In order to further reveal the mechanism of anomiein sports culture and ethical belief during social transitional period and explore the appropriate strategies for correcting anomie, this present paper studies the anomie issuesin sports development based on relevant sociological theories. The results show that: (1)Power anomieexists in sports policy formulation and implementation, bureaucratic structure and effect supervision; the contradiction between the supply and demand of public sportsservice resources, as manifested by the anomie of sports system, is worsening; the development of sports culturedriven by capital due to the anomie insports culture development is aggravating. These are currently the overall situation of anomie insports field.(2) The deviant behaviors of sports participants during social transitionalperiod are manifestedas social structural tension, resource-interest conflicts, and media communication alienation. (3) Ouranalysis based on the three-dimensional analytical framework of "ethical belief of sports-sports norm-sports participation behavior"shows thatcurrently the anomie in sports includes three types:anomie in ethic belief of sports, anomie innormal disorganization of sports and anomie in sports culture alienation, which are respectively manifested as instrumentalized and secularized cognition of sports, structural fragility of sports norms and low executive efficiencyduring the transition period, and tendencies of secularization, over entertainmentand vulgarization of sports culture. (4) The modern development brought about by social changes has changed the ethical values of traditional sports. The "social thoughts" promoted by the mutual construction of subculture and counter-normhas influenced the sports value and behavior choice of individuals, which are the social structural factors for anomie in sports culture and ethic beliefs of sports.(5) The strategies of correcting anomie in sports culture and ethical beliefs during the transitional period should focus on reconstructing ethical beliefs of sports and improving the moral standards of professional sports participants; establishing a coordinated governance mechanism andenhancing the supply and executive efficiency of sports system; raisingrisk awareness and establishingan early warning and monitoring mechanism of public opinions foranomie in sports culture and ethics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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"Straightforward" or "Thoughtful"? Study on the Impact of Intuitive Result of Sports Event on Sports Event Evaluation WANG Hong, HU Bo 2021, 47 (5):  87-93.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.014 Abstract ( 549 )   PDF (1321KB) ( 581 )   Save Intuitive result of sports event refers to the degree to which the consumer can judge the result of the event by using the intuitive event information. Based on this, this paper divides sports events into two categories. The first type is a high-intuitive event, which refers to a event where the consumer can determine the result of the event by using the intuitive event information. The other is a low-intuitive event, which means that the event consumer must obtain the result of the event through the judgment information of a third party other than the athlete and the audience. The two types of events are widely seen in the practice of events. However, there is no unified answer on which type of events can obtain higher evaluations from event consumers. This paper finds that, compared with low-intuitive events, high-intuitive intuitive events can obtain higher event ratings from event consumers; and the fluency of event information processing plays an intermediary role. The sport-event information-processing model has a regulating effect. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the event organizer to organize the event and the event sponsor to choose the event. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CPC's Logic in Promoting Mass Sports in the Past Hundred Years and Its Contemporary Enlightenment YIN Huaigang, DU Changliang 2021, 47 (5):  94-99.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.015 Abstract ( 635 )   PDF (1250KB) ( 683 )   Save Over the past hundred years, the Communist Party of China, based on China's reality, has been promoting the development of mass sports by following the historical logic of "revolution-production-happiness", and the realistic logic of ensuring the participation of the whole people, integrating the development of competitive sports and mass sports, and cultivating sports instructors, and by following the value principle of "taking the people as the center", the value norm of "bringing people satisfaction and happiness, and being acceptable to people", and the value ideal of "promoting human's all-round development". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Anthropological Interpretation of Original Ecological Ritual Dance "Doloho" of the Yi People in Liangshan TONG Guojun 2021, 47 (5):  100-105.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.016 Abstract ( 660 )   PDF (1300KB) ( 741 )   Save Using the methods of field survey, logical induction, documentation and ritual symbol theory, this present paper interprets the origin, symbolic connotation, and ritual structure of "Doloho" - the original ecological ritual dance of the Yi people in Liangshan from the sports anthropological perspective, and discusses its function and meaning in the Yi ethical cultural system.The study suggests that the original ecological ritual dance "Doloho" of the Yi people in Liangshan, as a ritual folk sports activity originated in the matriarchal era of group marriage system and closely related to the "fire worship" ofthe Yi ancestors, is the physical expression of Yi females'primitive totem consciousness of seeking blessings from ancestral spirits and their simple farming consciousness of longing for abundance and happiness. In physical practice, the dancing pattern of "stamping the ground with feet, dancing and singing with arms connected with one another, rotating around the fire, and clockwise rotating marching" reveals the ethnic group's cognitive logic and cultural memory; in ritual symbol, the dance reveals the hidden changes in Yi females' social role and their transcendence of ego. The performance process is not only Yi females'"transition"over timeand their"passage" in space, but also their expression mode of ethnic culture practiced in between religious and mortal worlds. This paper interprets the social structure and symbolic meaning embedded in the "Doloho" metaphor by analyzing its physical practice, and it is hoped that this case study can provide some enlightenment and reference for the cross-cultural understanding and studies of minority ethnic people's body culture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Legitimacy Construction: A Framing-discourse Analysis on E-sports News Coverage LIU Shuangqing, LIU Xun 2021, 47 (5):  106-112.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.017 Abstract ( 584 )   PDF (1462KB) ( 681 )   Save Using framing analysis and discourse analysis, the present paper examines the trend, frames and discourse practice in e-sports news coverage over the past two decades from 2001 to 2019 and discusses how news coverage has constructedthe legitimacy of e-sports. The results show that positive news coverage one-sports has become the dominant trend over the past 2 decades. Framing analysis reveals that five frames, i.e "unknown territory", "industrial economy", "focus of controversy", "sports events", "industrialtrends"have been used to conceptualize the image and development of e-sports in China, and constructed the image of e-sports in media. Among them, "industrial economy", "sports events", and "industrialtrends"are the major frames have been used to construct the legitimacy of e-sports. Discourse analysis shows that news media have constructed the two main discourses of "industry" and "event"about e-sportsand expressed through such rhetorical devices as metaphor and intertextuality the opinion that e-sports has promoted the development of sports and economy, thereby constructing the legitimacy of e-sports. It is proposed that news media should present the image of e-sports in an objective and comprehensive way. On one hand, the positive image of e-sports should be presented in media to change its social perception of being stigmatized; on the other hand, the shortcomings of e-sports industry should be reported to promote its improvement and standardization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Can Fitness App Use Promote Exercise Behavior? ——Based on the Mediating Effect of Exercise Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Effect of Social Support TANG Yuqing, GUO Qing 2021, 47 (5):  113-118.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.018 Abstract ( 582 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 687 )   Save In order to give an interpretation for the relationship and complex mechanism between fitness app use and exercise behavior, a moderated mediation model was constructed from the perspective of the ecological model of physical activity. A total of 558 fitness app users over the age of 18 in China participated in this study. The results show that: (1) Fitness app significantly and positively influenced exercise behaviors. (2) Exercise self-efficacy cognition partially mediated this relation.(3) This mediating effect was moderated by friends support. The findings not only provide new evidence for the connection between fitness app and exercise behavior, but also can help to promote national fitness and healthy promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL CLOUMN FOR PHDS爷VIEWS

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Research Progress on Biological Characteristics of Rugby Sevens HUANG Xiaojun, MIAO Lv, YU Lijuan, WANG Jie 2021, 47 (5):  119-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.019 Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (1301KB) ( 673 )   Save The rules of rugby sevens are similar to rugby union, while it has a smaller number of players and enjoys higher popularity and has become an official event of Summer Olympic Games. Our research reveals that: (1) International rugby sevens players are tall, heavy and low in body fat. (2) Rugby sevens players have the speed and endurance of team sport players and the strength of combat players. Repeated sprint is an important index to evaluate players' energy supply. (3) The running distance in international matches for males and females players is 96-121 m/min and 87-103 m/min respectively. High intensity running ability is the index to measure player's performance. (4) The differences between rugby sevens players at different levels mainly lie in their running ability and agility. International players show difference in position, and the running rability of guards is better than forwards. In the future, we should strengthen the measurement of the form, function and quality of rugby sevens to build a "champion model" on one hand. And on the other hand, we should strengthen monitoring match load and training load to improve the combination of competition and training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the "Punishment" of Violent Deviant Behaviors in Stadiums during "the Republic of China Period (1912-1949)" LI Shengling, LIANG Shuang, SONG Xiuping 2021, 47 (5):  127-131.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.020 Abstract ( 1052 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 716 )   Save The paper mainly surveys the means of punishing violent deviant behaviors in stadiums during the Republic of China period (1912-1949). It is found that the violent deviant behaviors in stadiums during the period were mainly solved through the coordination between sports organizations, and some were solved through legal channels and "self-bearance", but "self-bearance" was left unsettled eventually. Among them, sports organization solution was a simple and fast way to handle violent deviant incidents in stadiums, but the binding force on both parties was extremely limited, and the protective effect of the solution was not strong. Although the legal solution was supported by the national compulsory force, it was subject to such factors as the slack response of defendants, time-consumption, etc. As a result, legal solution was more difficult to function in practice. When neither the coordination between sports organizations nor the legal solution could not be available, the victim could only be forced to bear the loss of his interest alone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sino-Russian Sports Diplomacy in the Past 70 Years: Retrospect and Prospect ——Analysis from the Perspective of Moral Realism YU Siyuan, LIU Guihai, GU Shuai 2021, 47 (5):  132-139.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.021 Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (1296KB) ( 573 )   Save In June 2019, President Xi Jinping and President Putin signed the "Sino-Russian Joint Statement", which opened a new journey of "Sino-RussianComprehensive Strategic Partnership of Cooperation in the New Era."The seventy years of Sino-Russian diplomacy has achieved fruitful results. The unwavering partnership between the two sides has continued to grow, deepen and expand.Sports diplomacy has faltered in the changing situation of Sino-Russian foreign affairs relations for seventy years, and will play a more crucial role in the development of the new type of major-country relationship between China and Russia in the new era.Analyzing the changes in the sports diplomatic relations and practice of the two countries from the perspective of moral realism, the study holds that the development of Sino-Russian sports diplomatic relations in the past seventy years presents a U-shaped curve. The sports diplomacy in the Sino-Soviet period is characterized by ideological diplomacy based on revolutionary struggle. The sports diplomacy in the Sino-Russian periodhas transited to win-win pragmatic type with mutual benefit as the foundation.With the renewed escalation of Sino-Russian partnership, sports diplomacy, as an important part of China-Russia all-round diplomacy, will have multi-field and all-round in-depth cooperation in the contexts of Sino-Russian economic, regional, safety, cultural and think tank cooperationmechanisms under the strategic cooperation of the "One Belt and One Road" and "Greater Eurasian Partnership" initiatives. Through the comprehensive connection of emotions and interests, we will shape the relationship between China and Russia in the new big powers and provide a regional model for the international construction of the "Community of Shared Future for Mankind". References | Related Articles | Metrics