Table of Content

15 September 2019, Volume 45 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION

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Essays on "Rethinking the Concept of Sport and Its Value and Function" LU Yuanzhen, REN Hai, HAO Qin, et al 2019, 45 (5):  1-26.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.001 Abstract ( 1152 )   PDF (941KB) ( 956 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

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Sport, an Eternal Topic LU Yuanzhen 2019, 45 (5):  1-3.  Abstract ( 1470 )   PDF (970KB) ( 941 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Contemporary Sports Development and the Definition of Sport REN Hai 2019, 45 (5):  4-7.  Abstract ( 1400 )   PDF (794KB) ( 933 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Discourse Construction and Evolution of Sports Concept HAO Qin 2019, 45 (5):  8-12.  Abstract ( 921 )   PDF (804KB) ( 590 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Concept and Feature Extraction of Sport WANG Guanghu 2019, 45 (5):  13-16.  Abstract ( 756 )   PDF (777KB) ( 597 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Examination and Clarification of Sports Concept YI Jiandong 2019, 45 (5):  17-21.  Abstract ( 934 )   PDF (806KB) ( 553 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Controversies over Sports Concept and Philosophical Speculation GAO Qiang 2019, 45 (5):  22-23.  Abstract ( 958 )   PDF (753KB) ( 743 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The Cognition and Key Issues in the Study of Sports Concept GUO Hongwei 2019, 45 (5):  24-26.  Abstract ( 897 )   PDF (767KB) ( 767 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Focusing On Hot Issues at the Forefront, Strengthening the Development of Physical Education, and Exploring the Future of Students ——Summary of 2019 Word Congress on Teaching, Learning, and Curriculum in Physical Education for Well-being JI Liu 2019, 45 (5):  27-34.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.002 Abstract ( 1149 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 593 )   Save The reform of curriculum, teaching, and learning in physical education has long been a focus of school sports development. Based on the national condition, China's school sports reform actively learns from the international practice and experience in physical education curriculum, teaching and learning reform. In June 2019, the "2019 Word Congress on Teaching, Learning, and Curriculum in Physical Education for Well-being" was held at East China Normal University. Famous scholars and experts from 14 countries and regions attended the conference and made their reports. This paper summarizes the main content of eight keynote reports, 17 special reports, and an innovative sports education workshop at the conference. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SOCIAL SCIENCE

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Research on Policy Tool Evaluation Systemof Rural Public Sports Services XIONG Luquan, ZHANG Lingyan, LU Yuanzhao, KONG Qingbo 2019, 45 (5):  35-41.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.003 Abstract ( 1585 )   PDF (1045KB) ( 610 )   Save The series of means or methods to realize the goal of rural public sports service policy is a typical public policy tool, and it is significant to strengthen the evaluation of rural public sports service policy tools to test the scientificalness of policy tools, to detect the problems with policy tools and to ensure the benefits of policy tools. According to the policy tool evaluation theory, this paper studies by means of literature and logical analysis the policy tool evaluation system of rural public sports services in China, which includes 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators and 28 third-level indicators. In evaluation practice, it suggests that the "third party" should be introduced. While the third party conducts evaluation, it needs to combine qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods, follow the procedure of "choosing the evaluation target-collecting evaluation information-arriving at evaluation conclusion", and stick to the principle of conducting evaluation before, during and after the process of sports services so as to find problems and provide solutions in time. Related Articles | Metrics

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System Dynamics Simulation Analysis for the Coordinated Development of Competitive Sports and Mass Sports in Sichuan ZHANG Linling, LIU Qing 2019, 45 (5):  42-50.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.004 Abstract ( 875 )   PDF (1334KB) ( 582 )   Save The coordinated development of competitive sports and mass sports is not only a theme of the times, but also a livelihood project. Under certain conditions, both balanced and unbalanced development are the forms of coordinated development. At present stage, the developments of competitive sports and mass sports in Sichuan province are not balanced. Based on the system dynamics simulation model, the authors analyze the coordinated development of competitive sports and mass sports in Sichuan Province. The analysis indicates that the coordinated development of competitive sports and mass sports in Sichuan province should adopt a "balanced strategy" between 2020 and 2030. This strategy can be promoted by: adopting a large sports concept to transform the evaluation views of sports power province, seeking market driven mechanism to solve the funding problem; strengthening national fitness to provide a demographic dividend for competitive sports. Related Articles | Metrics

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E-sports from the Perspective of Embodiment: Historical Evolution, Conceptual Attributes, and Development Orientation LI Youqiang, ZHANG Yean 2019, 45 (5):  51-57.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.005 Abstract ( 1231 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 570 )   Save In recent years, e-sports has gained a strong momentum of development, and the scale of the industry and the number of people participating in it continue to grow. With the acceleration of technological innovation, the embodied evolution of e-sports is becoming more and more evident. Looking at the development of e-sports from the perspective of embodied cognition, we find that e-sports not only has obvious sports attribute, but also provides new insights into the physical and mental development of young people. Although the integration of sports and e-sports needs to consider the transformation and innovation of the industry and the development of quantitative economy, the healthy development of participants and e-sports itself, when examined from the perspective of embodied cognition, must adhere to the following orientations: shaping the body image by transforming it from virtual world to reality; improving the digital literacy from game to education; optimizing movement skills from fingertips to the body; strengthening social adaptation from closure to communication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Traditional National Traditional Sports from the Cultural WU Yanhong, Wang Guanghu 2019, 45 (5):  58-63.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.006 Abstract ( 744 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 509 )   Save The development of traditional national sports in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics needs new cultural positioning and perspective, thus it can help raise cultural awareness in carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional culture, and confirm the existence of traditional national sports. The self-confidence toward our culture in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation can help form self-judgment on the promotion of traditional national sports and the cultural self-improvement in the construction of a strong socialist culture will definitely motivate the construction of traditional national sports. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Choice of Mass Sports Policy Tools —Content Analysis Based on Provincial National Fitness Implementation Plan Han Yongjun 2019, 45 (5):  64-72.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.007 Abstract ( 1090 )   PDF (1850KB) ( 693 )   Save The selection evaluation of mass sports policy tools has an important impact on optimizing policy implementation, promoting government performance and reaching the established goal of government. The core issues involved in tool selection assessment are the tendency of the choice of the current mass sports policy tools and what influence these tendencies will have on the government performance standards. In order to answer the question scientifically,the article uses the "National Fitness Implementation Plan (2016-2020)" of 31 provincial administrative regions as a sample, adopts the content analysis method, and uses the software NVivo 11 to count the frequency of major policy words of various policy tools. And use the relevant theories of scholar Salamon as a social sports policy tool assessment framework to assess the possible impact of the current choice of social sports policy tools on Chinese government performance standards. The results showed that, on the one hand, the choice of the mass sports policy tools showed a tendency of coercive, high direct, low autonomy and high visibility; on the other hand, the choice of tools in different dimensions had different performance characteristics. Accordingly, three suggestions for tool selection are put forward: conforming to the development trend of socialization, adhering to the principle of optimizing combination, and establishing the concept of "fairness first, taking into account other" firmly. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Enlightenment of Kyoto Marathon on the Development of Xi'an Marathon under the Same City Culture Background Condition GUO Wei, QIN Ziting, SONE Junya 2019, 45 (5):  73-79.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.008 Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 524 )   Save Since national fitness became a national strategy, the development of marathon in China has faced new opportunities. The development of marathon is closely related to the construction of urban cultural-ethical standards and local economic development, and marathon has become a new landscape in urban culture. Taking the marathons in both Xi 'an and Kyoto as examples, this paper analyzes the favorable conditions for holding and developing marathon in Xi 'an and Kyoto which have similar cultural background, aiming to optimize Xi 'an's route to hold international marathon and build it into an international metropolis with global influence. From the success of the Kyoto marathon, it can be seen that the relevant national and local policies on marathon can promote the rapid development of other industries and play a positive role in marathon operation. Secondly, the Kyoto marathon has promoted the development of urban tourism through cultural soft power, which has in turn promoted both the competitiveness and popularity of the city and in-depth cultural experience for participants and tourists. Therefore, under the strategic goal of building strong sports city, Xi 'an can learn the successful experience of Kyoto marathon to propose a comprehensive strategy to develop marathon by taking into consideration policy, economy, culture and public awareness and make the event a booster to urban economic development, taste and international influence. Related Articles | Metrics

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING

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The Study on the Relationship between Elite Athletes' Start Reaction Time and Sport Performance in Indoor Short Distance Running ZHU Dapeng, LI Ailing 2019, 45 (5):  80-86.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.009 Abstract ( 888 )   PDF (1057KB) ( 627 )   Save Rapid reaction ability is an important component of track athletes, and has close correlation with their sport performance. This study collected the elite athletes' reaction time and their sport performance in 60 m and 60 m hurdles from the four World Indoor Championships from 2012 to 2018 to examine the law of change, gender difference and the relationship between reaction time and sport performance. The results suggest that: (1) the gender difference in start reaction time only appears at certain stages of some events, and not in all the events; (2) the difference in start reaction time mainly exists in the first round and semi-final stage of the match, but not in the final stage; (3) there is moderate to high significant positive correlation between start reaction time and sport performance in 60 m and 60 m hurdles. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Theory of Optimal Control in Sports Competition Process Based on "Precision Control" and "Fuzzy Control" ZHANG Jie, LIU Jianhe 2019, 45 (5):  87-93.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.010 Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (1138KB) ( 492 )   Save Effective control of sports competition process is a guarantee for the optimal performance, and the limitations of competition information acquisition require both "precision control" and "fuzzy control". The data group in sports competition process makes it possible to implement "precision control", while the advancement in "precision" research paradigm provides the methodology support for the adaptation of "precision control". Due to the limitations of current scientific research, the uncertainty in sports competition process can only be interpreted with the theory of fuzzy control. Therefore, the optimal control of sports competition process should be realized by combing "precision control" and "fuzzy control". Based on this, the control goal, system classification, winning information extraction, control subject, system aid and feedback can be decided and tackled in turn. Related Articles | Metrics

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New Changes of Basketball Fast Break in Ten Years: Analysis, Enlightenment and Thinking LI Mingda 2019, 45 (5):  94-101.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.011 Abstract ( 1019 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 936 )   Save Updating the philosophy and method of basketball skill and tactic training is the key to improve China's basketball performance. Based on a new interpretation of fast-break, the author makes statistics and analysis of fast-break tactics in 17 international basketball games and the relevant indicators through the methods of documents, expert interview and video analysis, revealing the new changes in the use of fast-break in different stages, finish time, number of participants, advantage properties, etc. in recent 10 years. These new changes can provide some enlightenment and thinking for the fast-break training and development in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effects of the Perception of Hitting the Ball and the Optimization of System Complexity Model of Tennis Techniques LIU Ya, DONG Chuansheng 2019, 45 (5):  102-107.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.012 Abstract ( 824 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 554 )   Save The system complexity of sports techniques hasn't been fully interpreted so far. To better understand the issue, this paper applies the system complexity theory to analyze the components, their relationship (structure), and functions. This study suggests that tennis technique system is an open system which includes the principal subsystem, technique subsystem, environment subsystem, and time-space subsystem. These subsystems are interconnected as a whole through its internal relations, showing the complex features of uncertainty, non-linearity, self-organization, and cluster. The perception of hitting the ball, as a comprehensive key factor in the tennis technique system, plays a profound role in the generation, operation and optimization of the technique system through the positive feedback amplification mechanism, nonlinear interaction, and self-organization mechanism. The research on the perception of hitting the ball provides a new perspective for thorough understanding of sports technique system complexity and the internal mechanism and rules. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS SCIENCE OF HUMAN BODY

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Analysis and Prospect of Medical Work in Chinese Delegation Support Camp at the 18th Asian Games JIN Chen, ZHANG Lu, WU Jinfu, GAO Can 2019, 45 (5):  108-114.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.013 Abstract ( 2136 )   PDF (1209KB) ( 723 )   Save General Administration of Sport of China firstly deployed a support camp to provide medical services for athletes and delegation members during the 18th Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang. The camp, consisting of 169 people, provided medical support for 341 athletes during the Games. The support camp not only provided a guarantee for athletes' competition, but also accumulated valuable experience for future Olympic Games' medical support. Based on expert interview, case analysis, data statistics, and field survey, the authors found that efforts are still needed in building athletes' injury and disease database, applying intelligent diagnosis and treatment, providing medical practitioners and equipment, and training relevant personnel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Verification and Comparison of Running Assessment Methods for Male University Students' Aerobic Capacity / Cardioresp- iratory Fitness HU Haixu, LYU Yujun, HE Xina, SONG Weidong 2019, 45 (5):  115-121.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.014 Abstract ( 2287 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 775 )   Save Objective:To verify the relationship between male university students' 1000m running and aerobic AC/CRF in the National Student Physical Health Standards (NSPHS) .Methods: 45 male university student volunteers were chosen to attend 公式 test directly in laboratory, and 1000 m time running , 3000 m time running, and 12 min running in track and field before receiving 公式test indirectly. Linear regression equation and multiple linear regression equation were applied to test the relationship between 1000m running and 公式; Random Forest Algorithm was used to compare the degree and ranking of three indirect test methods in reflecting 公式. Results:(1) As a one-way independent variable,1000m running can explain 39.7% of the total variation of 公式, and 29.9% of the total variation of 公式; (2) Multiple linear regression equations including the other independent variables in NSPHS can explain 47.6% of the total variation of公式, and 44% of the total variation of 公式. (3) Among the 3 test methods, indirect tests based on 12 min running and 3000 m running are more effective in evaluating the 公式 of male university students. Conclusion: The validity of 1000m running and related tests in NSPHS in evaluating the AC/CRF of male university students is not very effective. 12 min running and 3000m running can better measure the aerobic AC/CRF of male university students. It is recommended to use 12 min running or 3000m running for male university students' health promotion intervention in their physical education curriculum and extracurricular exercise. 12 min running or 2400m running are more accurate and convenient assessment methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Comparative Study of the Effects of Foam Rolling Exercises and Static Stretching on Exercise-induced Muscle Fatigue XIA Yu, LIAO Yuanpeng 2019, 45 (5):  122-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2019.05.015 Abstract ( 1508 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 643 )   Save Objective:to compare the effects of foam rolling exercises and static stretching on the exercise-induced muscle fatigue,and to provide some basis for the application of these two relaxation methods. Methods:subjects were randomly divided into control group C (N=21), foam rolling group F (N=21) and stretching group S (N=21).The subjects in the three groups performed weight bearing squats first, and then received supine rest, foam rolling exercise, and static stretching intervention respectively and were tested on peak torque indicator at five phases: before exercise, immediately after exercise, 0.5 h, 24 h and 48 h. Results:(1) Immediately after exercise, and at 0.5 h, both centripetal peak torque and equal peak torque of the three groups were significantly lower than those before exercise (P＜0.01); (2)There was no significant difference between the three groups at 24 h on centripetal peak torque and equal peak torque (P＞0.05); (3)At 48 h, the centripetal peak torque of Group F (P＜0.01) and Group S (P＜0.05) were significantly higher than that of Group C, and there was significant difference between the three groups on equal peak torque (P＜0.01). Conclusion: (1) Both static stretching and foam rolling exercises have a mitigating effect on exercise-induced muscle fatigue. (2) The effects of foam rolling exercises and static stretching on muscle fatigue begin to appear at 24 h after exercise, and have obvious effects after 48 h. (3) The foam rolling exercises are more beneficial to the recovery of isometric muscle strength than static stretching. Related Articles | Metrics