Table of Content

15 July 2018, Volume 44 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ON ESPORTS

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The Name and Nature of Esports ——A Comparitive study of Esports and Sports ZONG Zheng 2018, 44 (4):  1-8.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.001 Abstract ( 1135 )   PDF (1232KB) ( 1204 )   Save Esports is one of the fastest growing and the most important cultural phenomenon in the contemporary era. The evolution and determination of esports appellation indicates that it has become an independent form of activity. At the same time, the name of "esports" is directly related to "sports". Whether esports is a sport is still a matter of debate. Based on these two key questions, this paper, using the theoretical methods of comparative literature etymology and cultural studies, analyzes the origin and influence of esports as a cultural phenomenon, and focuses on the status of esports research in Chinese academic circles. To clarify the name and nature of esports is the first and crucial step of the academic research on the standardization of esports research, it also helps to clarify the relationship between esports and sports. Related Articles | Metrics

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Entertainment, Education and Industry:The Mirror Image of Esports in Mainstream Media ——Focusing on People’s Daily (1978-2018) HONG Jianping 2018, 44 (4):  9-15.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.002 Abstract ( 1627 )   PDF (1390KB) ( 1185 )   Save The rise of video games is a prominent cultural phenomenon since the beginning of the 21st century. Esports is the crown jewel of the video game industry. Through the analysis of 515 articles published in People's Daily over the past four decades, we examine the "mirror image" of esports and video games in the mainstream media. The study shows most reports on esports and games in "People's Daily" involve cultural and educational contents, followed by reports on esports events and electronic game industry; in reports involving video games, the proportion of negative attitude is higher than that of positive attitude; reports on esports are mainly positive. Before 1989, the proportion of positive attitude was higher than that of negative attitude; between 1989 and 2008, the proportion of negative attitude was higher than that of positive attitude; after 2009, the proportion of positive attitude was once again higher than that of negative attitude, but both positive and negative attitudes had a greater degree of disparity than the previous two phases. People's Daily's attitude towards video games and esports were roughly in synchronic with the public opinion ecology of the same period, which, in a sense, serves as a barometer of ideology and social opinion. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Comparative Study of Motivation and Self-Esteem between Esports Players in the U.S. and China PENG Luo,GUO Qing 2018, 44 (4):  16-23.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.003 Abstract ( 1570 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 1476 )   Save Taking the esports players in the US and China as subjects, this present paper attempts to explore through questionnaire the difference in motivation and self-esteem between different game forms, different genders and different countries.The results show that computer game players have lower self-esteem than mobile phone and host game players; male and female players don't differ in game self-esteem; mobile game players have the lowest motivation score; Chinese and American game players have significant difference in non-motivation factors and external adjustment factors, while they have don't have any difference in intrinsic motivation factors, integration adjustment factors, approval adjustments, and intake adjustments. Related Articles | Metrics

SPORTS HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

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On the Basic Framework Construction of Physical Exercise Self-Management WENG Mengqian 2018, 44 (4):  24-29.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.004 Abstract ( 1080 )   PDF (1385KB) ( 986 )   Save By means of logical analysis and factor analysis, this paper defines the meaning, significance, elements and task of physical exercise self-management and constructs its basic framework, aiming to provide a reference for the practice, service and guidance of physical exercise self-management. Physical exercise self-management is an activity to self-regulate one's physical exercise behavior to achieve his/her exercise goals. It is a key step towards the realization of scientific exercise and national fitness campaign quality engineering. Its task is to give full play to the role of each decisive element to make the practitioner to enjoy the benefits of physical exercise. Its core task is to cultivate people's physical exercise habit. The basic framework of physical exercise self-management consists of goal system, element system, testing and evaluation system, and service system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Enterprises’ Investment in Overseas Football Clubs:Characteristics,Motivation & Revelation ZHONG Liping, JIN Yuqiang 2018, 44 (4):  30-34.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.005 Abstract ( 1715 )   PDF (1089KB) ( 848 )   Save Based on the data on Chinese enterprises which invested in overseas football clubs in 2014-2016, the present paper analyzes the characteristics, motivations and revelations of Chinese enterprises' investment in overseas football clubs, aiming to provide a reference for Chinese sports industry investment. The study suggests that Chinese enterprises' overseas investment has the following characteristics: the number of clubs in which Chinese enterprises have invested increases rapidly; European leagues are the main investment fields; the investment enterprises are mainly private ones; major investments targets include the Spanish La Liga, British Premier League and Italian Serie A clubs; M & A is the main investment mode currently. The investment motivations include government policies, economic consideration, football industry value and brand enhancement. Revelation and suggestions: overseas investment should target football industry and other quality sports resources; Improving the domestic football industry investment environment and guide overseas enterprises to invest in domestic market; overseas investment risks and opportunities coexist, therefore, Chinese enterprises need to invest rationally. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Evaluation and Improvement of Service Quality in Commercial Operation of Large Sports Events in China Based on IPA Analysis YU Meng, ZHU Yan, WANG Weiying 2018, 44 (4):  35-41.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.006 Abstract ( 847 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 959 )   Save Using the methods of literature, factor analysis, and IPA analysis, this present paper takes consumers participating in large-scale sports events as the subjects to investigate the service quality of 100 large-scale commercial sports events in China. The results show that among the 36 service indicators of large-scale sports events, 14 indicators are related to consumers' expectations, revealing that consumers' evaluation of service quality is positive, and should be maintained in the follow-up events; 2 indicators are about consumers' excitement needs and their evaluation of service quality is high. Given the fact the importance of sports event service need is not high, the allocation of resources should be more rational; 20 indicators are related to consumers' basic needs, revealing that the service quality is poor, therefore, the organization and operation in the follow-up events should be improved. Based on this empirical analysis, two strategies, namely, improvement and upgrading, and maintenance and optimization, are put forward to strengthen the service quality of large-scale sports events in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fussy Comprehensive Evaluation on Cognition Niche of Sports Product Brand WANG Qiwan, LI Siqing, ZHU Hong 2018, 44 (4):  42-47.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.007 Abstract ( 653 )   PDF (1330KB) ( 1156 )   Save The exploration of sports product brand cognition niche from the perspective of consumer's cognition contributes to recognizing the key issues of brand development strategies and providing evidence for brand promotion in management practice. Using the methods of literature analysis, Delphi Method and fuzzy mathematics, and applying the theory of brand ecology, this paper constructs key indicator system of brand niche from the perspective of consumer's cognition, identifies the importance of every indicator in the system, and establishes a fuzzy mathematics evaluation model. The paper makes a case study of ANTA and NIKE, finding that there is no big gap in the indicators of "spokesman identity" and "personalized matching". between the two brands. The brand building of ANTA should focus on quality promotion, visual fashion, function innovation and image identity so as to narrow down its gap with NIKE. These findings extend the theoretical research of sports products brand ecology and provide new perspective and evidence for the management to evaluate the competitive situation of brand niche and develop key marketing strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Urban Residents' Public Sports Space Perception and Physical Activity Behavior CAI Yujun, ZHOU Peng, ZHANG Benjia, SHAO Bin 2018, 44 (4):  48-53.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.008 Abstract ( 744 )   PDF (1241KB) ( 635 )   Save In order to survey the relationship between urban residents' public sports space perception and physical activity behavior, the author developed a scale and conducted a survey of 634 Shanghai residents. The result showed: residents' public sports space perception includes external perception and internal perception. External perception includes accessibility, opportunity of being entered and suitability of parking. Internal perception includes service level and emotional stimulation. Residents' public sports space perception and physical activity are mutually related. Among them, there is close positive correlation between service level and rest day duration, emotional stimulation and travel time, accessibility and travel mode, opportunity of being entered and rest day duration, suitability of parking and consumption per month. Conclusion: improving urban residents' public space perception may be an effective strategy to enhance physical activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identity of Left-Behind Children at Wushu Schools in the Process of Urbanization in China and Inheritance of Wushu Culture ZHANG Jian,SUN Hui,ZHANG Jianhua,CAI Feng 2018, 44 (4):  54-60.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.009 Abstract ( 1499 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 1008 )   Save This present paper studies the self-identity, social identity, group socialization of left-behind children at Wushu schools and the inheritance and expression of Wushu culture. It argues that the acceleration of the urbanization process is the direct cause of the broken families from which left-behind children at Wushu schools come. The absence of the family notion is the main reason for the popularization of counter-school culture with the children and their sense of homelessness in reality and spiritual field. The left-behind children at Wushu schools establish a kind of family similar to the blood-based ones with chivalry as their value orientation. In this kind of family, self-acceptance and individual identification on the basis of self-completeness are the preconditions and foundations for the children to seek a sense of belonging and identity. The "rootless" left-behind children at Wushu schools make it possible to reproduce their identity awareness, promote the transformation of Wushu culture from "identity" to "self-consciousness", strengthen national awareness and self-confidence in the inheritance and expression of Wushu culture, and achieve identity construction and the acceptance and inheritance of Wushu culture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Teaching Performance Evaluation for Gym Teachers in Sport Universities WANG Tianwen, PAN Xiaofei 2018, 44 (4):  61-67.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.010 Abstract ( 825 )   PDF (2201KB) ( 997 )   Save Using the methods of expert interview, Delphic and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper studies how to establish the performance evaluation system for Gym teachers in sport universities from four dimensions including defining evaluation goals, choosing evaluation methods, designing evaluation indicator system and determining evaluation subjects. The paper puts forward that the purpose of teaching performance evaluation is to to promote teachers' professional development, improve their teaching quality and optimize teacher resources through diagnosis; the evaluation indicator system is a multilevel one which is composed of 4 level-1 indicators including course teaching, practice instruction, graduation thesis (design) supervision, teaching material and course construction, 12 level-2 indicators, and 42 level-3 indicators, as well as the weights/grade of these indicators; the 360-degree evaluation method is employed, which takes students, experts, leaders and teachers as the evaluation subjects and identifies their responsibilities and weights, thus avoiding the subjectivity and single-faceted results so as to improve the evaluation efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Historical Study of Wushu Education from the Perspective of Chinese and Western Educational Theories HUANG Xiaohua,WANG Baili 2018, 44 (4):  68-74.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.011 Abstract ( 1003 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 1039 )   Save With reference to the background that the inheritance of excellent Chinese traditional culture has been adopted as the national strategy, Wushu education has deviated from the educational objective of cultural heritage in the process of practicing "how to teach". This paper conducts a historical examination of the transformational characteristics of Wushu education from the perspective of Chinese and western educational theories. The results show that Chinese and western education theories have different views on "how to teach and how to learn"; rooted in the fertile soil of China traditional education philosophy, traditional Wushu education attaches importance to "how to learn"; based on psychological theories, western education theories put stress on "how to teach"; Traditional Wushu education focuses on students' learning quality, while western education theories stress learning strategies. In the process of drawing lessons from the western educational theories, the contemporary Wushu education at school has undertaken the transformation from "how to learn" to "how to teach", but incurred the crisis of lacking cultural education. Adhering to the teaching philosophy of "giving priority to review", emphasizing the goal of"taking cultivating talents as the center"in traditional Wushu education at school, and highlighting the path of "stressing students' experience and understanding" are the important orientations that school Wushu education reform should take. Related Articles | Metrics

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING· SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ON COMPETITIVE SPORTS

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Gray Relational Analysis on the Effect of Biomechanical Factors of Lower Extremity on Female Basketball Players' Jump Height LIU Haitao,JIANG Dalei,LI Haiwei,GAO Weiwei 2018, 44 (4):  75-81.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.012 Abstract ( 634 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 781 )   Save Objective: To find the key biomechanical factors affecting jump height by testing the biomechanical indicators of lower extremity of female basketball players in stop-jump tasks. Methods: 17 female collegiate basketball players were recruited from competitive sports institute of Beijing Sports University. Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic data of the joints of low extremity were collected simultaneously using 3-D Motion Analysis Raptor-4 system and Kistler force plate when participants executed stop-jump tasks. Gray relational analysis was used to identify the relationships between biomechanical indicators and jump height in female basketball players. Results: the effect of biomechanical factors on jump height are ranked as follows: center of gravity peak vertical velocity>hip peak angular velocity>knee peak angular velocity>takeoff time>ankle peak angular velocity> peak vertical takeoff force. Conclusions: (1) Among the factors influencing jump height, center of gravity peak vertical velocity is the primary factor. (2) Hip angular velocity has a strong effect on jump height than knee angular velocity and ankle angular velocity. (3)Peak vertical takeoff force is necessary but not sufficient for jump height. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Specific Speed Strength Training of Elite Male Sanda Athletes ——Taking the Chengdu Sport Institute Athletes at the 13th National Games as an Example MOU Yulan, CHEN Xiaowei, YU Feibiao, WU Qiang 2018, 44 (4):  82-85.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.013 Abstract ( 1939 )   PDF (1471KB) ( 1175 )   Save Using the methods of survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, this present paper keeps a track of the speed strength training of 5 elite male Sanda athletes from Chengdu Sport Institute during their winter training for the 13th National Games and makes a comparative analysis of their fist and leg speed force data before and after their training to provide reference and theoretical basis for the specific speed strength training of Sanda athletes in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biochemical Monitoring of Pre-competition Training Load and Body Function of Elite Sprinters ZENG Yuansheng 2018, 44 (4):  86-91.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.014 Abstract ( 730 )   PDF (1553KB) ( 910 )   Save Objective: To analyze and compare the changes of sprinters' biochemical indicators during pre-competition training to evaluate the scientificity and rationality of pre-competition training load and body function. Methods: Fifteen Fujian sprinters preparing for the 2016 National Track and Field Championships were studied. During the 8-week pre-competition training, athletes' biochemical indicators including hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (BU) and serum testosterone (T) were monitored. Results: In the specific quality training phase, male athletes' Hb value decreased slightly, their CK activity increased dramatically (P<0.01), and their BU value increased significantly (P<0.05). Throughout the stage, male athletes' BU value increased first and then decreased; female athletes' Hb values slightly decreased, their CK activity increased significantly (P<0.05), and their BU value increased dramatically (P<0.01). In the special technical training phase, male athletes' Hb value decreased significantly (P<0.05), both of their CK activity and BU value increased significantly (P<0.05). Throughout the phase, male athletes' BU value increased first and then decreased. Female athletes' Hb value decreased significantly (P<0.05), their CK activity increased significantly (P<0.05), and their BU value continued to increase (P<0.01) and then decreased. In the pre-competition training period, the T values of both male and female athletes dropped first and then rose steadily, and reached the a high level prior to the competition. Conclusion: 1. High-intensity specific technical training is the main reason for the significant decrease in sprinters' Hb value. 2. Specific quality training, especially strength training, easily leads to significant increase in sprinters' CK activity. 3. Large amount of specific quality training is the main reason for the significant increase in sprinters' BU value. 4. The analysis of the changes in female athletes' BU value during the entire training period indicates that female athletes do not adapt well to the coach's training plan. Therefore, the plan needs to be adjusted. 5. Athlete's T value is at a high level before the competition, showing that the training has a good effect. Related Articles | Metrics

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING· SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ON SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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Research on and Enlightenment of Passport for Life in Canada ZHAO Yaping, SUN Jinhai 2018, 44 (4):  92-97.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.015 Abstract ( 1215 )   PDF (1097KB) ( 919 )   Save Passport for Life is a physical literacy assessment system to aid physical and health education teachers to foster in students an active, healthy lifestyle that will last a lifetime. Passport for Life includes assessments of active participation, life skills, movement skills and fitness skills. Passport for Life is currently designed for children from kindergarten to grade12. By introducing the background, development orientation, elements and implementation of Passport for Life, three measures are put forward for China based on national students health standard: improving the content, indicators and subjects; expanding the scope of applied objects; optimizing the assessment methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Physical Activity of University Students and High School Students in Macau ZHANG Qinghua 2018, 44 (4):  98-102.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.016 Abstract ( 859 )   PDF (1085KB) ( 1002 )   Save The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to investigate the physical activity of 1039 university students and high school students in Macau SAR. Results showed that school study activity and traffic activity were the major physical activities of the research participants; leisure-time physical activity and physical activity at moderate-level or above were significantly insufficient among this group of participants; in terms of METs and high intensity physical activities, there was higher proportion of high school students than university students. IPAQ (qualitative) standards might over-estimate the physical activity level of adolescents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Evolutionary Relationship and Trend of Artistic Sports in School Field Fang Qi,Zhou Jianshe 2018, 44 (4):  103-108.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.017 Abstract ( 760 )   PDF (1522KB) ( 718 )   Save The analysis of the evolutionary process of artistic sports from the correlation of motivation, mode, law, and relationship shows that the changes of social environment, school physical education reform and beneficiary's(students) needs are the factors influencing the evolution. The evolution of artistic sports takes 3 modes: resource-dominant, technology-dominant, and culture-dominant. The evolutionary process presents the "wave" of gradual evolution, mutual promotion and diffusion.The relationship among school, students and artistic sports is "socially and ecologically dependent". Judged from its concept, developmental direction and trend, the future development of artistic sports will follow the ideology of being student-centered, harmony-based, and broad-skilled, while stressing quality and ecological balance", and evolve towards the trinity mode of "return"and "expansion"and "innovation". Related Articles | Metrics

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING· SPORTS SCIENCE OF HUMAN BODY

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Analysis and Comparison of Muscles' Consistency in Different Bow-opening Techniques of Compound Bow CHEN Jin'ao,TAN Qinping,LI Zhuolin,LU Aming 2018, 44 (4):  109-115.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.018 Abstract ( 777 )   PDF (1394KB) ( 898 )   Save Objective: To analyze and compare the consistency of muscular exertion in straight arm bow-opening and bent arm bow-opening techniques. Methods: 16 young healthy male compound bow beginners were randomly chosen as subjects to continuously shoot 12 arrows with the two techniques respectively. The sEMG signals of major muscles on both the arms were collected synchronously with Cometa Wireless sEMG Test System. In addition, iEMG's "ratio of standard deviation to average (%)" was used as a derivative indicator. The difference of the averages of the two techniques were investigated with the two-factor repeated measures ANOVA statistical method. Results: (1) In the straight arm bow-opening technique, the Z10-12 (%) values of both the lateral deltoid and the posterior deltoid on the holding arm were higher than the Z1-3 (%) value (P<0.05) and there was no significant change in both the Z10-12 (%) value and the Z1-3 (%) value of triceps; both the Z7-9 (%) value and the Z10-12 (%) values of biceps, posterior deltoid, and lower trapezius on the drawing arm were higher than the Z1-3 (%) value (P<0.05);(2)In the bent arm bow-opening technique, the Z10-12 (%) values of triceps, lateral deltoid and posterior deltoid on the holding arm were all higher than the Z1-3 (%) value (P<0.05); the Z10-12 (%) values of biceps, posterior deltoid, and lower trapezius on the drawing arm were higher than the Z1-3 (%) value (P<0.05); (3) In the two open-bow techniques, there was no significant difference in the Q (%) and Z (%) values of major muscles from arrow 1 to arrow 9 (P>0.05); while the Q10-12 (%) value was significantly lower than the Z10-12 (%) value and the Q1-12 (%) was also significantly lower than the Z1-12 (%) value (P<0.05). Conclusion: (1) Consistency of major muscles of the upper arm and trunk was significantly reduced when compound bow beginners shot the last three arrows of the twelve arrows respectively with the straight arm technique and the bent arm technique. The posterior deltoid on the holding arm was the most obvious, followed by the triceps and the lateral deltoid; while the biceps on the bow drawing arm was the most obvious, followed by posterior deltoid and lower trapezius.(2) In the two bow-opening techniques, compound bow beginners' consistency of both the holding arm and the drawing arm in the bent arm technique was higher than that in thebow-opening technique, especially in arrow 10 to 12. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of High Heel on Knee Joint Torques during Gait LIU Na, LIU Haibin, ZHU Zhennan, LI Shuting 2018, 44 (4):  116-120.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.019 Abstract ( 1138 )   PDF (1965KB) ( 1034 )   Save Objective: To analyze whether high-heeled shoes can significantly increase the knee joint load by computing through Inverse Dynamic the knee joint torques of college girl students with bare foot and high-heeled shoes during walking and investigate the change in walking pattern of college girl students with high-heeled shoes. Methods: Based on data from Vicon, AMTI and personal segment parameters, compute and compare through the Inverse Dynamic equations the knee joint torques in 3D and compare the statistics in the 2 conditions. Results: (1) High-heeled shoes increase the flexion torque by 19% and extension torque by 39% during first 80% of the supporting phase. Redundant torque increases the tension from quadriceps femoris and results in more pressure on patella-femoral joint. High-heeled shoes decrease the flexion torque by 21% at the leaving phase. Greatly reduced flexion torque may weaken the push power directly during the last phase of single stance. (2) High-heeled shoes change the abduction torque ahead of time and peak value by 9% and 5% respectively. Increased abduction torque may add the load on interior compartment of knee joint. This compensatory tension could destroy the balance control of knee joint. (3) High-heeled shoes change the transit from external to internal torque by 12% ahead of time, increase external torque by 18% and internal torque by 11%. The lasting leaving phase may be the weakest period for body alignment of high heel wearer, namely, there is a big probability for joint injury. (4) High-heeled shoes increase breaking force and decrease propulsion force. Conclusion: High heel shoes significantly change the normal torque pattern of knee joint during healthy female's gait. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Intensity Exercise on AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of Rats XU Jie, HUANG Qiaoting, XIE Minhao, YAN Yi, LIN Jiashi 2018, 44 (4):  121-126.  doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2018.04.020 Abstract ( 692 )   PDF (1239KB) ( 1005 )   Save Objective: To investigate the biological mechanism of exercise to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) through exercise based on 12 weeks of exercise intervention with different intensities on the skeletal muscle AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 in each group, i.e. sedentary group, low intensity group (50%O2max), moderate intensity group (65%O2max), and high intensity group (80% O2max). All rats were measured for the O2max after three days adaptive training. After that, the rats in the exercise groups were trained for 12 weeks, 5 day a week, and 1hour per day. They were tested for O2max every two weeks during the training period. All rats were sacrificed 48 hours after the last exercise and their soleus (right) was isolated. The AMPK and PGC-1αgene expression were detected by RT-qPCR while the AMPK,PGC-1α,and phosphorylated AMPK protein expression by Western Blot. Results: The O2max in 65% O2max group and 80% O2max group increased rapidly, while the O2max in 50%O2max group increased significantly in the late stage of intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, the PGC-1α mRNA expression in 50%O2max group and 80%O2max group were significantly higher than that in sedentary group and moderate intensity group (P<0.01), the AMPK mRNA expression in sedentary group and 80%O2max group were significantly lower than that in 65%O2max group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The PGC-1α protein expression in the exercise groups was higher than that in sedentary group, with only the PGC-1α protein expression in 65%O2max group being significantly higher than that in sedentary group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in AMPK protein expression among the groups, while the phosphorylated AMPK protein expression in moderate intensity group and high intensity group increased as compared with sedentary group. The increase in 80%O2max group was greater, significantly higher than that in sedentary group and low intensity group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Higher exercise intensity does not mean that PGC-1α protein expression will increase correspondingly. The effect of moderate intensity exercise on the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway may be more beneficial for CRF. Related Articles | Metrics