Abstract: The special historical background of Taiwan makes its history of physical education different from the mainland. By means of literature, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the reconstruction and historical characteristics of physical education after Taiwan's recovery. This paper points out: (1) The period of 1946-1952 was the first stage of sports teachers training in Taiwan; the distribution of physical education majors in colleges was completed in 1969 (2) Taiwan has launched a comprehensive sports science research since 1958. The period of 1958-1972 can be regarded as the initial stage of sports science research reconstruction in Taiwan. There are four historical characteristics in the reconstruction of the sports science discipline in Taiwan: (1) sports scholars from the mainland have become the core force of the discipline reconstruction, thus making the sports disciplines across the Taiwan Straits have the same origin; (2) The reconstruction of sports science discipline in Taiwan started with cultivation of teachers and was followed by the development of the discipline; (3) the reconstruction of sports science discipline in Taiwan has close relationship with military; (4) the development of sports science discipline in Taiwan is deeply influenced by international factors.

Key words: Taiwan, sports discipline, reconstruction, characteristics, cultural identity