主办单位:成都体育学院
ISSN 1001-9154 CN 51-1097/G8

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 111-118.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.01.015

• 特色栏目:体育史 • 上一篇    下一篇

中华剑艺与欧洲击剑、日本剑道的现代转型史对比研究

冯香红1,2, 杨建营1   

  1. 1.华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海 200241;
    2.淄博职业学院学生处,山东 淄博 255314
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-28 修回日期:2022-11-17 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 杨建营,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向:武术文化教育,武术传承发展,太极类运动文化;E-mail:yjianying@163.com。
  • 作者简介:冯香红,博士研究生,副教授,研究方向:武术教学与训练,武术基础理论;E-mail:fxhwm@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究项目“中华优秀传统武术剑文化的传承发展体系研究”(18YJC890004)。

Comparative Study on the Modern Transformation History of Chinese Swordsmanship, European Fencing and Japanese Kendo

FENG Xianghong1,2, YANG Jianying1   

  1. 1. School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241;
    2. Student Affairs Office of Zibo Vocational Institute,Zibo Shandong 255314
  • Received:2022-05-28 Revised:2022-11-17 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-02-08

摘要: 在国家层面着力推动“中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展”的当下,为使传统武术文化的优秀代表剑文化焕发生机,文章主要运用对比分析法,剖析了中华剑艺、欧洲击剑、日本剑道的现代转型史。结论如下:(1)伴随着人类进入现代社会,欧洲的击剑于18世纪末率先拉开了以文明化、竞技化、运动游戏化为标志的现代转型,由之前“拔剑相向,一剑定生死”的决斗发展成为“谁能刺到对方、劈到对方,而又不伤害对方”的运动游戏,从而跨入了竞技体育飞速发展的快车道而得到了世界性传播;(2)日本的刀剑技术于19世纪末也拉开了现代转型的序幕,并于20世纪前期完成了“由术至道”的跨越,还被统一命名为“剑道”,这种转型除了实现了文明化、运动游戏化之外,还更进一步提升为一种精神修炼的方法和培育民族精神的实践途径;(3)中国的剑术技艺于20世纪30年代前后也进行了现代转型的尝试,虽然当时几经实验而基本成型,但因种种原因而被迫中断,而且后来又被长期搁置,至今仍湮没无闻,不仅如此,而且其历史上固有的“击剑”“剑道”等称谓也因长期废弃不用而被外来文化抢占;(4)新时代中华剑艺要重获生机,一方面,应续接历史遗留的尚未完成的现代转型之路,另一方面,应着力突出其独有的中华文化特色,为民族复兴的伟业贡献应有的力量。

关键词: 中华剑艺, 欧洲击剑, 日本剑道, 现代转型

Abstract: Promoting the "creative transformation and innovative development of excellent Chinese traditional culture" is currently an endeavor at the national level. Against this background, this paper analyzes through comparative analysis method the modern transformation history of Chinese sword art, European fencing, and Japanese kendo, aiming to rejuvenate the sword culture - an excellent representative of traditional martial arts culture. The conclusions are as follows: (1) As mankind entered modern society, European fencing took the lead in modern transformation towards civilization, competition, and gamification at the end of the 18th century, and developed from the duel pattern of "drawing swords and determining life and death with one attack" into the game pattern of "who can stab or slash the other without hurting the other". As a result, it has entered the lane of rapid development as a competitive sports game and has been spread worldwide. (2) Japanese swordsmanship began its modern transformation at the end of the 19th century, and completed its leap "from art form to Ken Do" in the early 20th century, and was unified and named "Kendo", which not only civilized and gamified the sport, but also further elevated it into a way to cultivate spirit and a practical way to cultivate the national spirit; (3) Around the 1930s, the Chinese swordsmanship also underwent a modern transformation. Although it took the basic shape after several attempts, it was interrupted for various reasons and was then put on hold for a long time, and remains in obscurity until now. In addition, the conventional names such as "Ji Jian" (sword fencing) and "Jian Dao" (sword Dao) have been buried as a result of the spread of foreign cultures; (4) In order to regain its vitality in the new era, the Chinese swordsmanship should, on the one hand, continue the unfinished path of modern transformation, on the other hand, highlight its unique cultural characteristics, so as to contribute to the great cause of national rejuvenation.

Key words: Chinese swordsmanship, European fencing, Japanese kendo, modern transformation

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