关键词: 国家队, 速度滑冰, 有氧运动能力, 无氧运动能力

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of the National Speed Skating Team to provide reference for it to prepare for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Methods: 45 national speed skating team athletes were divided into short-, medium-, long-distance groups to receive power cycling increasing load experiment and 30 s Wingate anaerobic experiment respectively, and the test results of the 3 groups were compared and analyzed. Results: (1) The absolute value of maximum oxygen uptake, the relative value of maximum oxygen uptake and the maximum power in men's long-distance group are significantly higher than those in short-distance group and medium-distance distance group (P<0.01), the lactic acid threshold power in short-distance group and medium-distance group are significantly lower than that in long-distance group (P<0.05), the lactic acid threshold power in women's medium-distance group and long-distance group are significantly higher than that in short-distance group (P<0.05); (2) The absolute value and relative value of maximum anaerobic power, anaerobic power decline rate, and peak blood lactate in men's short-distance group were significantly higher than those in medium-distance group and long-distance group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). The relative values of average anaerobic power in short-distance group and medium-distance group were significantly higher than that in long-distance group (P＜0.05). The absolute value of maximum anaerobic power in women's long-distance group was significantly lower than that in short-distance group (P＜0.05). the anaerobic power decline rates in both short-distance group and medium-distance group were significantly higher that in long-distance group (P＜0.05); (3) The decline rate of anaerobic power of male athletes in short-distance group is significantly higher than that of female athletes in the same group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: (1) Men's short-distance group has better anaerobic ability than medium-distance group and long-distance group and is at the world-class level. Although the aerobic ability of medium-distance group is better than that of long-distance group, both its aerobic ability and anaerobic ability are significantly lower than that of world top athletes. Although the aerobic capacity of long-distance group is better than those of short-distance group and medium-distance group, there is a gap with the world level; (2) The aerobic endurance of women's medium-distance group and long-distance group is better than that of short-distance group. The specific athletic ability of each group is not outstanding, and there is a big gap with the world level; (3) The fatigue rate of men's and women's long-distance groups is significantly lower than that of short-distance group and medium-distance group, and the fatigue rate of the National Speed Skating Team is comparatively high.

Key words: the National Team, speed skating, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity