足球小场地比赛控制攻守转换时间对运动员体能负荷影响的研究

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.04.012

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 85-90.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.04.012

• 运动训练与运动人体科学 • 上一篇下一篇

足球小场地比赛控制攻守转换时间对运动员体能负荷影响的研究

陈小虎¹, 李春满², 黄竹杭², 卓金源³, 黄晓灵¹

1.西南大学体育学院,重庆 400715 ;
2.北京体育大学中国足球运动学院,北京 100084;
3.中国人民大学体育部,北京 100872

收稿日期:2022-04-29 修回日期:2023-05-20 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-09
通讯作者: 黄晓灵,博士,教授,研究方向:体育管理学;E-mail:804422610@qq.com。
作者简介:陈小虎,博士,讲师,研究方向:足球运动训练;E-mail:chenxiaohu@swu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
重庆市社会科学规划项目“体教融合背景下重庆市青少年足球人才培养体系一体化发展的研究”(2022PY28);国家社会科学基金重大项目子课题“中国足球事业发展战略构想的经验借鉴研究”(21&ZD348);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“大学校园足球专项耐力训练负荷控制的理论与实证研究”(SW1709642)。

Effects of Offence-defense Transition Time on Physical Loads in Small-sided Football Matches

CHEN Xiaohu¹, LI Chunman², HUANG Zhuhang², ZHUO Jinyuan³, HUANG Xiaoling¹

1. Sport College of Southwest University, Chongqing 400715;
2. China football college of Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084;
3. Sport Department of Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872

Received:2022-04-29 Revised:2023-05-20 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:本研究在小场地比赛中以攻守转换时间为控制因素,对比精英青少年足球运动员不同的体能负荷表现,为教练员实现“训练满足比赛的需要”提供依据。方法:以12名精英青少年足球运动员为研究对象,在“一对一加守门员”的小场地比赛中分别采用不限制攻守转换时间、限制攻守转换时间(进攻12 s以内完成射门和防守3 s以内丢球反抢)两种形式,并实时收集不同心率区间百分比、平均心率、训练总负荷、血乳酸、跑动总距离、高中低3种强度跑动距离、高强度跑动次数、变向次数等数据。结果:不限制攻守转换时间时,运动员平均心率为87%最大心率,38.67%的时间集中在80%~89% 最大心率, 血乳酸值为11.53 mmol/L;运动员跑动主要集中在中强度跑,跑动距离为31.63 m/min,跑动负荷接近于2022年卡塔尔世界杯。限制攻守转换时间时,运动员平均心率为91% 最大心率,38.26%的时间心率集中在90%~95% 最大心率, 血乳酸值为21.67 mmol/L;运动员跑动主要集中在高强度跑,跑动距离为33.82 m/min,其跑动总距离、高强度跑距离和高强度跑动所占比均高于2022年卡塔尔世界杯。结果表明,教练员通过对进攻射门和防守丢球反抢的时间进行限制,能有效地控制攻守转换时间,从而提高训练负荷强度和运动员负荷使用效率,有利于发展运动员无氧生成性能力。

关键词: 足球, 小场地比赛, 攻守转换, 体能负荷, 心率, 血乳酸

Abstract: Objective: Using offense-defense transition time as a control factor to compare the physical load performance of elite youth football players in small-sided matches so as to provide reference for coaches to realize the goal of "training for matches". Methods: Twelve elite youth football players were selected as subjects to attend "one-on-one match with a goalkeeper" in 2 forms: unlimited transition time and limited transition time (shooting the goal within 12s and winning back possession within 3s), the percentage of different heart rate intervals, average heart rate, total training load, blood lactate, total running distance, high, middle and low intensity running distance, number of high intensity running, number of changing direction were collected in real time. Results: During unlimited transition time, the average heart rate of the players was 87% HRmax, and was concentrated in 80%~89% HRmax for 38.67% of the time, and the blood lactate value was 11.53 mmol/L; the players mainly ran in medium intensity, the running distance was 31.63 m/min, and the running load was close to that of Qatar 2020 World Cup. During limited transition time, the average heart rate of the players was 91% HRmax, and the heart rate was concentrated in 90%-95% HRmax for 38.26% of the time, and the blood lactate value was 21.67 mmol/L; players ran mainly in high-intensity, the running distance was 33.82 m/min, and their total distance, high-intensity running distance and the ratio of high-intensity running were higher than those of 2022 Qatar World Cup. Conclusion: Coaches can effectively control the offense-defense transition time by limiting the time of goal shooting and winning back possessions, thus improving the intensity of training load and the efficiency of players' load use, which is conducive to the development of players' anaerobic generative ability.

Key words: football, small-sided football matches, offense-defense transition, physical load, heart rate, blood lactate

中图分类号:

G804.49

陈小虎, 李春满, 黄竹杭, 卓金源, 黄晓灵. 足球小场地比赛控制攻守转换时间对运动员体能负荷影响的研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2023, 49(4): 85-90.

CHEN Xiaohu, LI Chunman, HUANG Zhuhang, ZHUO Jinyuan, HUANG Xiaoling. Effects of Offence-defense Transition Time on Physical Loads in Small-sided Football Matches[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2023, 49(4): 85-90.

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足球小场地比赛控制攻守转换时间对运动员体能负荷影响的研究

Effects of Offence-defense Transition Time on Physical Loads in Small-sided Football Matches

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