中国青少年男子足球运动员比赛跑动表现特征研究

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.06.018

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 108-115.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.06.018

中国青少年男子足球运动员比赛跑动表现特征研究

吴放¹, 张廷安², 姜哲³, 宋冰⁴, 房作铭⁵

1.中国矿业大学(北京),北京 100083;
2.北京体育大学,北京 100084;
3.福建师范大学,福建福州 350007;
4.滁州学院,安徽滁州 239000;
5.广东第二师范学院,广东广州 510303

收稿日期:2020-10-01 修回日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-11-26
通讯作者: 张廷安,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:足球教学训练理论与方法。E-mail:jq69@foxmail.com。
作者简介:吴放,讲师,博士,研究方向:足球运动表现分析、足球运动负荷监控。E-mail:wufangsport@163.com。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费“大数据视角下青少年足球运动员负荷监控体系的构建”(2021SKTY01);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“我国校园足球与职业足球青训的协同治理研究”(20YJC890019);广东省体育局科研立项“复杂系统理论视角下足球专项体能训练设计的理论与实证研究”(GDSS2020N013)。

Match running performance of Chinese youth male soccer players

WU Fang¹, ZHANG Ting'an², JIANG Zhe³, SONG Bing⁴, FANG Zuoming⁵

1. China University of Mining & Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083;
2. Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084;
3. Fujian Normal Universit,Fuzhou Fujian 350007;
4. Chuzhou University,Chuzhou Anhui 239000;
5. Guangdong University of Education,Guangzhou Guangdong 510303

Received:2020-10-01 Revised:2021-06-03 Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-11-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:探究青少年足球运动员比赛跑动表现随年龄、比赛位置、自身水平的变化所表现出的特征和规律。方法:使用GPS可穿戴设备对我国U13-U17联赛中,85队次、544人次打满全场球员的跑动数据进行采集,并对不同年龄、不同位置、不同水平球员的跑动特征进行对比分析。结果:(1)走慢跑、低速跑和最高跑速随年龄的增长而增长(P＜0.01),总跑动、中速跑、快速跑、高速跑和冲刺跑随年龄的增长表现出先下降后增长的现象(P＜0.01)。(2)中前卫完成最多的总跑动、低速跑、中速跑和快速跑(F=27.30,P＜0.01;F=14.62,P＜0.01;F=24.30,P＜0.01;F=23.17,P＜0.01),边前卫完成最多的高速跑、冲刺跑(F =22.56,P＜0.01;F =19.49,P＜0.01),前锋完成最多的走慢跑(F =4.44,P＜0.01),边前卫、前锋、边后卫表现出更快的最高跑速(F =8.92,P＜0.01)。(3)入选和未入选国家队球员间:中后卫,入选组最高跑速显著高于未入选组(P＜0.01);边后卫、边前卫,入选组高强度跑距离显著高于未入选组(P＜0.05),前锋,入选组在总跑动、低强度跑、中强度跑方面显著低于未入选组(P＜0.01),最高跑速显著高于未入选组(P＜0.01)。结论:年龄和比赛位置均显著影响青少年球员跑动表现的各项指标,但是两者对其影响并不存在交互作用;比赛跑动表现具有明显的位置特征,且不随年龄的变化而改变,并与成人比赛中的位置特征相近;最高跑速可区分不同水平中后卫和前锋,高强度跑动能力对区分不同水平边路球员具有重要意义。建议:青训教练员和科研人员可将本研究所提供的各年龄、各位置球员的比赛跑动表现数据作为训练、选材和负荷监控等工作的参考依据,并将其变化特征和规律纳入考虑范畴,以提高青少年球员培养的质量和效益。

关键词: 比赛跑动表现, 中国青少年足球运动员, 全球定位系统, 选材, 足球, 训练

Abstract: Objective: Explore the characteristics and rules of the running performance of Chinese youth players with various ages, match positiones and player levels. Methods: GPS wearable devices were used to collect the running data of 85 players and 544 players in the U13-U17 league in China. Compared and analyzedthe running characteristics of players of different ages, different positions and different levels. Results :(1) walking and jogging, low speed running and maximum running speed increased with age (P< 0.01), while total running, medium speed running, fast running, high speed running and sprint running first decreased and then increased with age (P< 0.01). (2)The midfielder completed the most total running, low speed running, medium speed running and fast running (F=27.30, P<0.01; F=14.62, P<0.01; F=24.30, P<0.01; F=23.17, P<0.01 ). The widemidfieldercompleted the most high-speed and sprint runs (F=22.56, P<0.01; F=19.49, P<0.01). The forward completed the most jogging (F=4.44, P<0.01). The widemidfielder, forward and full-back showed faster top speed (F = 8.92, P<0.01). (3)Between the selected and unselected national team players, the maximum running speed of the central defender and the selected group was significantly higher than that of the unselected group (P<0.01); the full-back, wide midfielder, and selected group had a higher high intensity running distance than the unselected group (P<0.05), forward, the selected group was significantly lower than the unselected group in total running, low-intensity running, and moderate-intensity running (P<0.01). The highest running speed was significantly higher than the unselected group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The age and position have significant influence on the match running performance of young players, but there is no interaction between them; The match running performance showed obvious positional characteristics, which did not change with age, and to a certain extent was similar to the adults; Maximum running speed is important to distinguish between center-backs and forwards at different levels and high intensity running ability is important to distinguish between wingers at different levels.

Key words: match running performance, Chinese youth players, global positioning system, talent identification, football, training

中图分类号:

G843

吴放, 张廷安, 姜哲, 宋冰, 房作铭. 中国青少年男子足球运动员比赛跑动表现特征研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2021, 47(6): 108-115.

WU Fang, ZHANG Ting'an, JIANG Zhe, SONG Bing, FANG Zuoming. Match running performance of Chinese youth male soccer players[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2021, 47(6): 108-115.

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https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V47/I6/108

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中国青少年男子足球运动员比赛跑动表现特征研究

Match running performance of Chinese youth male soccer players

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