不同发育状态青少年游泳运动员身体发育特征与评估方法实证研究

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.03.011

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 69-76.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2023.03.011

• 青少年身体素质发育研究 • 上一篇下一篇

不同发育状态青少年游泳运动员身体发育特征与评估方法实证研究

蔡广¹, 朱镕鑫¹, 欧阳琦珺², 汤一铸³

1.上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200000;
2.上海市虹口区青少年体育运动学校,上海 200000;
3.湖北省体育科学研究所,湖北武汉 430000

收稿日期:2021-07-31 修回日期:2023-02-11 发布日期:2023-07-04
作者简介:蔡广,硕士,研究员,研究方向:运动员选材;E-mail:leng8yang@126.com。
基金资助:
上海市科委定向课题研究项目资助“奥运运动员智能精准选材育才关键技术研究与示范(18DZ1200600)”上海市青少年运动员全周期综合发展关键技术的研究与应用(22DZ1205100)。

An Empirical Study on the Developmental Characteristics of Physical Indicators and Evaluation Methods of Adolescent Swimmers with Different Developmental Status

CAI Guang¹, ZHU Rongxin¹, OUYANG Qijun², TANG Yizhu³

1. Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200000;
2. Shanghai Hongkou District youth Sports School)Shanghai, 200000;
3. Hubei Research Institute of Sports Science, Wuhan Hubei, 430000

Received:2021-07-31 Revised:2023-02-11 Published:2023-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:探讨青春期阶段不同发育状态儿童青少年身体形态、机能、神经系统发育特点,并比较生活年龄和生物年龄两种方法对青少年身体发育评估的优缺点。方法:招募551名11~15岁青少年男性游泳运动员,对其中12岁年龄段共94位运动员进行2年追踪观察,根据骨龄与生活年龄的差值将其分为早发育、正常发育、晚发育3组。未跟踪的457人按照年龄段制定横向群体评估标准,采用标准分方法计算早发组和晚发组Z分值。所有研究对象都进行了身体形态、发育、身体素质、神经系统、性激素测试。结果:(1)身高2年变化:早发育组增加8.96 cm;正常发育组增加14.23 cm;晚发育组增加16.64 cm。其他形态指标变化规律与身高变化基本一致。(2)最大摄氧量2年变化:早发育组增加1.22 L/min;晚发育组增加0.41 L/min;正常发育组增加0.27 L/min。其他机能指标以及反应时变化规律与最大摄氧量基本一致。(3)睾酮2年变化:早发育组增加29.43 ng/dl;正常发育组增加232.4ng/dl;晚发育组增加154.61ng/dl。(4)早发育组,12、13、14岁组以骨龄和生活年龄计算Z值差值分别为-1.16、-0.94、-0.40(P<0.05);晚发育组,12、13、14岁组以骨龄与生活年龄评估Z值差值分别为0.70、1.02、0.84(P<0.05)。结论:青春期间晚发育组和正常发育组身体形态和睾酮分泌产生了明显的追赶性生长,身体机能和神经系统并未产生追赶性生长。

关键词: 青春期, 发育, 成熟, 运动员选材, 追赶性生长, 游泳

Abstract: To explore the developmental pattern of body shape, physical, and nervous system of individuals with different maturity status during puberty, and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of assessing adolescents' physical development by chronological age or biological age. Method: 551 young male swimmers were recruited in this study. Among them, 94 athletes received followed-up observation for two years since 12 years old. Cross-sectional anthropometric and fitness assessments were conducted on the rest personals (N=457),and the standard score method was used to calculate Z-scores for the early- maturing group and the late- maturing group. All subjects received tests on body shape, maturity status, physical fitness, nervous system, and testosterone. 34 athletes were further divided into early maturing (EM), normal maturing (NM), and late maturing (LM) groups according to their maturation status. Results:(1)The height growth value in EM, NM, and LM group over two years were 8.96 cm, 14.23cm, 16.64 cm respectively. The other anthropometric characteristics showed a similar pattern as height.(2)The VO₂max growth value in EM, NM, and LM group over two years were 1.22 l/min, 0.27 l/min, 0.41 l/min respectively. The other fitness characteristics showed a similar pattern as VO₂max.(3)The testosterone growth value in EM, NM, and LM group over two years were 29.43 ng/dl, 232.40 ng/dl, and 154.61 ng/dl respectively.(4)The difference between "CA" and "BA" based Z scores in 12s, 13s, and 14s for EM were-1.16, -0.94 and -0.40(P<0.05)respectively. The difference between "CA" and "BA" based Z scores in 12s, 13s, and 14s for LM were 0.70, 1.02 and 0.84(P<0.05)respectively. Conclusion: LM and NM catch up with EM in anthropometric characteristics and testosterone but not in fitness characteristics and nervous system.

Key words: adolescent, growth, maturation, talent identification, catch-up growth, swim

中图分类号:

G804.21

蔡广, 朱镕鑫, 欧阳琦珺, 汤一铸. 不同发育状态青少年游泳运动员身体发育特征与评估方法实证研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2023, 49(3): 69-76.

CAI Guang, ZHU Rongxin, OUYANG Qijun, TANG Yizhu. An Empirical Study on the Developmental Characteristics of Physical Indicators and Evaluation Methods of Adolescent Swimmers with Different Developmental Status[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2023, 49(3): 69-76.

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不同发育状态青少年游泳运动员身体发育特征与评估方法实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Developmental Characteristics of Physical Indicators and Evaluation Methods of Adolescent Swimmers with Different Developmental Status

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