青年速度滑冰运动员500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m模拟比赛的能量供应特征

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.004

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 18-23.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2021.05.004

• “科技助力冬奥冶专题 • 上一篇下一篇

青年速度滑冰运动员500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m模拟比赛的能量供应特征

李博^1,2, 王欣欣¹, 杨威¹, 尚磊³, 付乐¹, 陈小平⁴, 黎涌明^1,4

1.上海体育学院,上海 200438;
2.福建师范大学,福建福州 350108;
3.北京体育大学,北京 100084;
4.国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京 100061

收稿日期:2020-05-03 修回日期:2021-03-08 发布日期:2021-09-26
通讯作者: 黎涌明,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向:人体运动的动作和能量代谢特征。E-mail:liyongming@sus.edu.cn。
作者简介:李博,博士研究生,研究方向:运动训练的生物学基础。E-mail:libo@sus.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划科技冬奥重点专项课题“冬季体能类运动项目专项国际化训练平台关键技术研究与应用”(2018YFF0300901)。

Energy Contributions of 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m Simulated Speed Skating in Young Skaters

LI Bo^1,2, WANG Xinxin¹, YANG Wei¹, SHANG Lei³, FU Le¹, CHEN Xiaoping⁴, LI Yongming^1,4

1. Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438;
2. Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou Fujian 350108;
3. Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084;
4. China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061

Received:2020-05-03 Revised:2021-03-08 Published:2021-09-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:能量供应特征是项目特征的重要组成部分,但目前对速度滑冰冰上模拟比赛的能量供应特征研究有限。本研究旨在探究青年速度滑冰运动员500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m模拟比赛的能量供应特征。方法:某省速度滑冰青年队运动员分别参加了500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m冰上模拟比赛。受试者佩戴便携式气体代谢仪采集测试全程的气体代谢和心率数据。采集热身前、测试前和测试后的耳垂血进行血乳酸分析。运用摄氧量动力学的快速部分、运动中累积血乳酸和累积摄氧量的方法对模拟比赛的磷酸原、糖酵解和有氧供能进行计算。结果:模拟比赛的平均耗时在运动员上赛季最好成绩的90.58%± 1.94%~ 92.40%± 1.64%。500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m模拟比赛的平均峰值心率(174.96±6.26bpm ~ 179.25±10.98 bpm)、峰值摄氧量(37.02±3.35 ml/min/kg ~ 42.74±6.55 ml/min/kg)和峰值血乳酸(12.29±1.65 mM~ 13.34±2.61 mM)均不存在显著差异(P >0.05)。3种距离的磷酸原(31.32±8.23 kJ ~ 36.65±5.46 kJ)和糖酵解(37.99±12.97 kJ ~ 45.71±11.92 kJ)供能无显著差异(P >0.05),但更长距离对应的有氧供能更大(26.27±6.10 kJ < 55.87±7.18 kJ <105.73±23.68 kJ,P < 0.05)。能量供应比例方面,更长距离对应的磷酸原(32.91%±5.70%< 27.39%±4.39%< 18.84%±2.67%)和糖酵解供能比例(39.23%±5.82%< 30.99%±6.34%< 24.40%±2.88%)更低,对应的有氧供能比例(27.86%±4.65%< 41.63%±5.02%< 56.76%±2.14%)更高,但是只有500 m与1 500 m对应的糖酵解与有氧供能比例间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。结论:更长距离的速度滑冰模拟比赛对应的有氧供能比例更高,建议我国青年速度滑冰运动员通过有氧能力的进一步加强来提高比赛成绩。

关键词: 速度滑冰, 有氧供能比例, 血流限制, 生理学

Abstract: Purpose: The energy contribution is a vital component of sport profile. However, energy contribution of simulated speed skating race on ice is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy contributions in simulated 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m speed skating races with young skaters. Methods: Young skaters of provincial level volunteered to participate in 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m simulated speed skating races. A portable spirometric system was used to measure gas metabolism and heart rate. Capillary blood was taken from the ear lobe during and after the races, and analyzed for lactate afterwards. The energy contributions were calculated with the method based on fast component of oxygen uptake off-kinetics, accumulated blood lactate and oxygen uptake during test. Results: Average finishing time in the simulated races was 90.58±1.94 ~ 92.40±1.64% of personal best during last season. There were no significant differences in peak heart rate (174.96±6.26 ~ 179.25±10.98 bpm), oxygen uptake (37.02±3.35 ~ 42.74±6.55 ml/min/kg) and blood lactate (12.29±1.65 ~ 13.34±2.61 mM) in different distances (P>0.05). The anaerobic alactic (31.32±8.23 ~ 36.65±5.46 kJ, P>0.05) and anaerobic lactic (37.99±12.97 ~ 45.71±11.92 kJ, P>0.05) energy contributions were not significantly different, but aerobic energy contributions increased significantly (26.27±6.10 < 55.87±7.18 <105.73±23.68 kJ, P<0.05) in longer distances. In longer distances, the relative anaerobic alactic (32.91±5.70 < 27.39±4.39 < 18.84±2.67%) and anaerobic lactic (39.23±5.82 < 30.99±6.34 < 24.40±2.88%) energy contributions decreased, while the relative aerobic energy contributions increased (27.86±4.65 < 41.63±5.02 < 56.76±2.14%), with the differences significnat only in relative of anaerobic lactic and aerobic energy contributions between 500 m and 1 500 m(P<0.05). Conclusion: The relative aerobic energy contributions increased in longer race distances. It is suggested that Chinese young skaters would benefit from the improvement of their aerobic capacity.

Key words: speed skating, aerobic energy contribution, blood flow restriction, physiology

中图分类号:

G804.2

李博, 王欣欣, 杨威, 尚磊, 付乐, 陈小平, 黎涌明. 青年速度滑冰运动员500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m模拟比赛的能量供应特征[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2021, 47(5): 18-23.

LI Bo, WANG Xinxin, YANG Wei, SHANG Lei, FU Le, CHEN Xiaoping, LI Yongming. Energy Contributions of 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m Simulated Speed Skating in Young Skaters[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2021, 47(5): 18-23.

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https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V47/I5/18

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青年速度滑冰运动员500 m、1 000 m和1 500 m模拟比赛的能量供应特征

Energy Contributions of 500 m, 1 000 m and 1 500 m Simulated Speed Skating in Young Skaters

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