关键词: 尤塞恩·博尔特, 参赛特征, 竞技状态, 成绩发挥率, 奥运周期

Abstract: By means of literature review, mathematical statistics, this paper, based on Usain Bolt's competitions during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st , 2016 released by the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF), analyzed his competition results, numbers of competition and change of his competitive state. Research shows that: (1) Bolt's body mass index (BMI) is relatively small, and his weight is comparatively light, thus is conducive to his competition performance. Furthermore, his height, stride length and frequency were in perfect combination. When selecting Chinese track sprint athletes, we should pay attention to gait parameters and improving their stride length could be a breakthrough in their athletic performance. (2) Bolt's percentage of winning champions in 100m and 200m competitions was 80% and 93.33% respectively, and his percentage of being runners-up was 15.56% and 6.67% respectively. It demonstrated his competitive state was powerful and his mental quality was excellent. Therefore, targeting and training athletes' weakness and cultivating their mental quality of self-adjustment and self-encouragement are very crucial for them to achieve excellent competition results. (3) Bolt participated in more competitions in years of Summer Olympics and Track & Field World Championship, averaging about 8 to 9 times annually, and his competition intervals were generally multiples of 7 days. Arranging athletes' training intervals reasonably before important games and increasing their competition experience are essential to adjusting and improving their competitive states, and achieving excellent competition results.

Key words: Usain Bolt, competitive features, competitive state, competition performance ratio, Olympic cycles