关键词: 短跑运动员, 赛前训练, 机能监控, 机能状态, 训练负荷

Abstract: Objective: To analyze and compare the changes of sprinters' biochemical indicators during pre-competition training to evaluate the scientificity and rationality of pre-competition training load and body function. Methods: Fifteen Fujian sprinters preparing for the 2016 National Track and Field Championships were studied. During the 8-week pre-competition training, athletes' biochemical indicators including hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (BU) and serum testosterone (T) were monitored. Results: In the specific quality training phase, male athletes' Hb value decreased slightly, their CK activity increased dramatically (P<0.01), and their BU value increased significantly (P<0.05). Throughout the stage, male athletes' BU value increased first and then decreased; female athletes' Hb values slightly decreased, their CK activity increased significantly (P<0.05), and their BU value increased dramatically (P<0.01). In the special technical training phase, male athletes' Hb value decreased significantly (P<0.05), both of their CK activity and BU value increased significantly (P<0.05). Throughout the phase, male athletes' BU value increased first and then decreased. Female athletes' Hb value decreased significantly (P<0.05), their CK activity increased significantly (P<0.05), and their BU value continued to increase (P<0.01) and then decreased. In the pre-competition training period, the T values of both male and female athletes dropped first and then rose steadily, and reached the a high level prior to the competition. Conclusion: 1. High-intensity specific technical training is the main reason for the significant decrease in sprinters' Hb value. 2. Specific quality training, especially strength training, easily leads to significant increase in sprinters' CK activity. 3. Large amount of specific quality training is the main reason for the significant increase in sprinters' BU value. 4. The analysis of the changes in female athletes' BU value during the entire training period indicates that female athletes do not adapt well to the coach's training plan. Therefore, the plan needs to be adjusted. 5. Athlete's T value is at a high level before the competition, showing that the training has a good effect.

Key words: sprinter, pre-competition training, function monitoring, functional level, training load