关键词: 短跑后备人才, 100 M成绩, 灰色关联度, 运动员选材

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between special physical fitness and 100 M performance of 159 male sprinters in the Olympic high-level reserve talent base, who were in Group A (12~13 years old), Group B(14~15 years old) and Group C(16~17 years old) , to provide reference for the selection and training of men's sprint reserve talents in China. Results: (1) In the order of grey relation between first-grade physical fitness index and 100 M performance, all the three groups presented the sequence of body shape > body quality > physiological function; (2) Body shape indicators having a greater influence on 100 M performance are mainly congenital physical limitation factors (height, length of lower limbs, body composition) which are used to complete the technical movement structure of high-speed running; Physiological function indicators are mainly energy metabolism indicators (hemoglobin) and hormone indicators (serum testosterone); Physical fitness indicators are mainly acceleration ability (30 M), absolute speed (60 M), speed endurance (150 M), lower limb reaction strength (CMJ impulse, DJ impulse, CMJ altitude); (3) Coaches and scientific researchers should pay attention to the test and training of young sprinters' acceleration ability, maximum speed ability, speed endurance and lower limb reaction strength quality. During the "sensitive period", they should pay attention to the balanced development and transformation of muscle contraction speed and strength quality, to cultivate special physical quality ability while giving consideration to the improvement of indirect physical quality.

Key words: sprint reserve talents, 100 M performance, grey relation degree, selection of athletes