关键词: 游泳, 赛前训练, 气体代谢能力, 机能状态

Abstract: Objective: Pre-match intensive training and the corresponding monitoring of excellent swimmers are conducted nine weeks before the National Games to explore the scientific and effective pre-game intensive training mode. Methods: Nine excellent swimmers are put in a six-week program of pre-competition intensive training of anaerobic ability. Two tests (gas metabolism ability and anaerobic threshold of the evenness of blood lactic acid) of limit-load exercise are conducted before and after the training and hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (BU), testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) are tested under the elemental status before training, during training (after 2 weeks) and after training (after 6 weeks). Results: (1), oxygen uptake (P<0.001), the relative magnitude of the oxygen uptake (P<0.001), respiratory frequency (P<0.05), and other index decrease significantly compared with those before training while the respiratory quotient (P<0.05), the tidal volume (P<0.05) scores (P<0.05), and immediate blood lactic acid (P<0.001) significantly increase. (2) After six weeks of intensive training, anaerobic threshold velocity, blood lactic acid at the anaerobic threshold inflection point appears and heart rate do not change significantly. (3) Under elemental status, BU indexes after 2 weeks of intensive training increase significantly (P<0.05). C indicators during training significantly decrease (P<0.001) but increases apparent in the late stage (P<0.05), while other blood indexes change little. Conclusion: (1) Intensive anaerobic ability training before the game achieves the purpose of improving swimmers’ anaerobic ability while maintains their aerobic capacity. (2) The dynamic change of blood biochemical indicators are in line with the function change characteristics of intensive training. So intensive training before the game does not lead to swimmers’ function drops.(3) The test of the gas metabolism ability of one limit-load exercise provides new ideas and new methods fro the effect evaluation of swimmer's pre-game training.

Key words: swimming, pre-game training, gas metabolism ability, functional status