负荷管理新工具:急慢性负荷比的研究进展

doi:10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.022

成都体育学院学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 136-142.doi: 10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.022

负荷管理新工具:急慢性负荷比的研究进展

金乃婧¹, 洪绍楠², 米靖¹, 赵燕鹏³

1.北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京 100084;
2.温州大学体育与健康学院,浙江温州 325035;
3.山东科技大学公共课教学部,山东泰安 271019

收稿日期:2021-06-16 修回日期:2021-10-28 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-01-30
通讯作者: 米靖,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:青少年训练、运动训练理论。E-mail:taishanmijing@126.com。
作者简介:金乃婧,博士研究生,研究方向:运动训练理论。E-mail:2019112080@bsu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“青少年HIIT训练心脏风险研究”(2018PT007)。

A New Tool for Load Management: Research Progress of the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio

JIN Naijing¹, HONG Shaonan², MI Jing¹, ZHAO Yanpeng³

1. Competitive Sports School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084;
2. School of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang,325035;
3. Department of Public Education, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai'an Shan Dong 271019

Received:2021-06-16 Revised:2021-10-28 Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-01-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 急慢性负荷比(Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio,ACWR)是近年来兴起的新的负荷管理工具。有研究认为ACWR是识别运动员损伤风险的有效工具,也有研究认为ACWR与运动损伤风险之间没有必然的联系,且不同研究对于ACWR的计算方法也未完全达成共识。文章从ACWR的起源与发展、计算方法、应用效果及其可能的作用机制等角度对相关文献进行梳理,以期为运动员的负荷管理和运动损伤防护提供借鉴和启示。结果表明,在集体球类项目中,(1)平均负荷的计算方法和急慢性负荷的时间窗口应根据项目的训练和比赛计划进行选择;与分类模型相比,采用连续变量的多元模型分析ACWR与运动损伤风险的关系更为精确。(2)较高的ACWR可能通过增加机体的神经肌肉疲劳和心理疲劳水平而增加运动损伤风险,较高的慢性负荷可能通过提高运动员的体能水平而降低运动损伤风险。

关键词: 急慢性负荷比, 运动损伤, 负荷管理, 运动训练, 疲劳, 球类项目, 运动员

Abstract: The acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is a new load management tool in recent years. Some studies believe that ACWR is a useful tool to identify athletes' injury risk, while other studies believe that there is no inevitable association between ACWR and injury risk. Moreover, different studies have not reached a complete consensus on the calculation method of ACWR. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin and development of ACWR, discuss the calculation method, function and possible mechanism of ACWR, and then provide suggestions for athletes' load management and sports injury protection. This study shows that: in team sports, (1) The best calculation method of the average load and time windows should be selected according to the sport-specific schedule of competition and training; compared with classification models, it is more accurate to analyze the relationship between ACWR and sports injury risk using a multivariate model with continuous variables, and (2) Higher ACWR may increase the risk of injury by increasing neuromuscular and psychological fatigue, while higher chronic load may reduce the risk of injury by improving the athlete's fitness.

Key words: acute:chronic workload ratio, injury risk, load management, sports training, fatigue, ball games, athlete

中图分类号:

G808.1

金乃婧, 洪绍楠, 米靖, 赵燕鹏. 负荷管理新工具:急慢性负荷比的研究进展[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2022, 48(1): 136-142.

JIN Naijing, HONG Shaonan, MI Jing, ZHAO Yanpeng. A New Tool for Load Management: Research Progress of the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2022, 48(1): 136-142.

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链接本文: https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/10.15942/j.jcsu.2022.01.022

https://cdtyxb.cdsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V48/I1/136

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负荷管理新工具:急慢性负荷比的研究进展

A New Tool for Load Management: Research Progress of the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio

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